There weren't legal or last names in Poland (central Europe) until invaders needed to register (and tax) local peasants etc. in XIX century. Previously people had called themselves by their given name (after Christian saints) + given name of their father (or husband) + land/village/town name or a profession, e.g. John son of Michael from the oak forest (or John son of Michael the blacksmith). Only small portion of population (mainly noblemen) had had their family name/surname back then. Fun fact that most of the people who were officially registered with their legal names couldn't have read nor written and they signed papers by putting a plus (cross) sign instead of their legal name on them.
There weren't legal or last names in Poland (central Europe) until invaders needed to register (and tax) local peasants etc. in XIX century. Previously people had called themselves by their given name (after Christian saints) + given name of their father (or husband) + land/village/town name or a profession, e.g. John son of Michael from the oak forest (or John son of Michael the blacksmith). Only small portion of population (mainly noblemen) had had their family name/surname back then. Fun fact that most of the people who were officially registered with their legal names couldn't have read nor written and they signed papers by putting a plus (cross) sign instead of their legal name on them.