Most of these metrics are moot and totally subjective imo.
I've been on patents where it was only filed bc it somehow benefitted the corporation we worked for. It had barely anything to do with novelty of the invention or its usefulness to the marketplace.
I have at least half a dozen projects that could/maybe should be patents but they simply don't make sense to disclose to the world or the corporation filing them on me/my team's behalf didn't think the Game Theory made sense.
The patent system is completely captured and fiat. To get an enforceable one it's probably like $20k minimum. Plus you have to litigate/defend it. This presents a huge incentive problem in that:
  • The patent clerk generally has an incentive to rebuff your first/second patent application to prove he's not worthless
  • Once that box is checked, he will rubber stamp. Congrats! You now have a permission slip to enter into a multi million dollar litigation against a huge corporation!
  • Patent attorneys have the incentive of telling you you should definitely file the patent no matter what and litigate no matter what
  • Corporations more or less force you to assign patent/IP to them
  • Corporations use them to horse trade especially in duopolic/small markets where they want to maintain parity/advantage over few competitors
The series Billion Dollar Code is more or less proof of the above
The system only really helps entrenched powers not "the little guy" like it was intended to. It is designed to uphold corporate rent seeking and not a measure of innovation. Maybe at one time it was different but not these days. Side note: it is also a trophy for worthless middle managers. I am on patents where I am the only one that did the actual work and you have 3 people that don't know how it works and 1 person that doesn't know how anything works...meanwhile the guys that actually helped me invent aren't even on it.
We won't know who's the most innovative until we see actual economic output from innovations in 5ish years. This is one area where the US dunks on Europe especially compared to R&D expenditure. Never fade yankee ingenuity.