If you're interesting in contributing some spare computational power to open source disease research (cancer, parkinsons, and more), check out World Community Grid. It's one of many #BOINC projects you can donate CPU time to. They have projects in all areas of science from medicine to chemistry to astronomy, even the Large Hadron Collider (CERN) has a BOINC project. You can process data for one project or many, personally I process data for around a dozen different projects and it heats my home in winter, similar to mining Bitcoin. All you gotta do is download BOINC, pick a few projects, and it handles the rest!

Note: WCG is down for maintenance this month but coming back.

WCG: http://worldcommunitygrid.org/ BOINC: https://boinc.berkeley.edu/

Here's an incomplete list of scientific papers published as a result of computation done using BOINC: https://boinc.berkeley.edu/pubs.php