All those systems are governments! Often less centralised and more distributed than a modern nation state but governments none the less.

They all rely as you yourself acknowledge upon common and agreed rules and means of resolution.

The Theocracy of the Catholic Church in Europe was government...you appear to assert it wasn't- delusional sophistry! The theocracy in Iran is government. Islamic State / ISIS are forms of theocratic governments!

Smaller more primitive economies and society can happily operate under more primitive forms of government but you have not and cannot show any example of where there was no government...even if you cannot see that governments can take and do take many different forms to the one of the modern nation state.