Most recently in FT, Nvidia and AMD to pay 15% of China chip sale revenues to US government for an export license for their nerfed chips, which China was skeptical of (but they'll buy them anyway, because energy abundance) (also see: #1197313 and #1076020)

But in the meantime, Huawei has pivoted into AI hardware: How Huawei’s Ascend AI chips outperform Nvidia processors in running DeepSeek’s R1 model (paper) (also see: #965816 and #1075561). They're modeling this closer to Google's TPUs (what Gemini is trained on and for example is powering Colab) than Nvidia's GPUs: ultra modular.

As we all saw with Deepseek R1, export control doesn't work in a prohibitive way; it actually incentivizes innovation. Protectionism hurts the protectionists. I don't believe any US CEO or US state agent telling me China is far behind. They just are peddling US AI, which are consistently underdelivering on the promises.