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https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Core_0.11_(ch_2):_Data_Storage - a bit old but the general idea stays the same
TLDR: A Google-made database called leveldb stores all the information around blocks but the blocks themselves just lie around in the file system as .dat files
It's actually still very accurate.
The main changes vs 0.11 off the top of my head are txindex move to async indexer and the utxo change to per-output granularity?
Yes!
thanks! this is excellent!
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Core_0.11_(ch_2):_Data_Storage - a bit old but the general idea stays the same