For a little while, I've been following the Muslim Bitcoin community built around the Islamic concept that it usury is forbidden. Christians used to have a similar concept, but most handily discarded it long ago. Here, however, there is an excellent description of the reasoning behind this traditional stance:
Islamic Finance is remarkably astute on the real risks associated with entrepreneurship. It could even be said that it mandates humility in the face of economic uncertainty because the idea that you can know what is going to happen is not just impossible (in the Hayekian sense) or foolish (in terms of common sense) but is blasphemous. Only Allah knows all, and so to act as if you know what is going to happen is deemed morally wrong. Given you can’t know what is going to happen, you must make an informed decision and take responsibility for it. Hence, if you somehow stand to benefit no matter what happens, you are seen as having unacceptably disregarded a personal responsibility to effect positive change in the world. You don’t have to take on any particular responsibility, but if you want an uncertain reward, that should only follow from having skin in the game.Adapting this essentially ethical insight to practical application sheds valuable light on the importance of riba, which is much more nuanced than its common (Western) characterisation as “interest:” If you lend to a business and you intend for your payback to come from interest payments following that business’s profitability but before disbursal to shareholders or reinvestment, you will get your payback no matter what happens. It doesn’t matter if the business does well or poorly; it doesn’t matter who is taking what responsibilities and making what decisions—you will be paid back.This is the source of the violation as it seems impossible to avoid violating at least one of the tenets described above: Either you are claiming to know the future—you know you will be paid back because you know what is going to happen—or you are avoiding responsibility—you don’t know the future but it doesn’t matter because you will profit no matter what happens. This is perceived as “risk transfer:” Between those providing the capital for an enterprise, the risk is being transferred from one party to another rather than being shared.
Such principles are exceedingly difficult to keep in a financial system based on printing money. So, unsurprisingly, this Axiom paper proposes a solution: Bitcoin.
Check it out if you'd like to learn a little more about the interplay between Bitcoin and Islam.