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Dr. Robert G. Endres biophysicist, Imperial College thinks the math is cruel. Too cruel. He’s not saying life was designed. Not quite. But the probability, once you do the numbers, stretches belief until it feels ready to snap.

He asked: how much order must crawl out from chaos to make a cell?
He measured it with Kolmogorov complexity. That’s the shortest possible description of a system the lean blueprint of life. He tied it to rate distortion theory, figuring how much information you can compress without losing what matters. And he mapped the bottleneck. The choke point where random chemistry must squeeze into a single, organized living thing.

It’s a leap.
From entropy to structure.
From noise to meaning.