World debt is so high that 23 countries are borrowing more than their GDP, including two countries owing more than double their annual economic output.

As debt-to-GDP ratios continue to swell, servicing them is getting more expensive. Strikingly, more than 3.4 billion people live in countries where net interest payments on public debt exceed education or health funding.

This graphic shows the countries with the highest debt-to-GDP ratios in 2025, based on data from the IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook.

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