I think the most important lessons for kids aren't necessarily about Bitcoin, but about responsibility.

I'd start with the basics: personal finance, money management, and the difference between 'Easy' and 'Hard' money. It might sound boring at first, but if the learning is hands-on, like managing a small budget or earning sats for chores, the lessons stick.
Once they understand that money is just a way to store their time and effort, Bitcoin will make sense.

sybil resistance, the byzantine generals problem, nakamoto consensus, applied cryptography

On the theory/history side

• What is good money
• What is bad money
• Stories about inflation and different instances of it, over time
• Stories about gold. Bitcoin is digital gold (and why this is so)

On the practical side

• Creating a wallet with open source tools like Sparrow Wallet
• Buy a tiny amount of bitcoin
• Do a bunch of transactions (transaction fees are very cheap now)
• Learn through the transactions all about concepts like wallets, seed phrases and private keys, addresses, transactions fees, etc.

I wrote a book Bitcoin, Hands-On: 28 “learn-by-doing” exercises to master the basics of managing your own Bitcoin, including wallets, transactions, and self custody. It goes through a lot of exercises that teach these practical basics.