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one slave state and one free state
Missouri compromise or Kansas Nebraska act
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Yep, but even the last two states Alaska and Hawaii were likely to vote opposite each other. I'm not sure if the pattern holds for the 90 years in between. You hear people bring this up when California periodically talks about splitting into smaller states, though.
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It's been a while but the US likes to admit states in politically offsetting pairs, so most likely it would come in as two states: BC and Alberta + Saskatchewan + territories.