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No. Neither are the problem.
The problem is the bloating of the UTXO set with dust.
If i created a 'metaprotocol' that says that ONE op_return plus 100 non-op_return outputs results in 100 "magic tokens"... and all the degens show up to gamble on that and bloat the UTXO set... creating millions of dust to "pretend" they have magic tokens...
That's an issue.
The solution?
It's not bip-110. It's higher fees from legitimate usage so that it's too expensive to gamble with. Bip-110 does NOT stop arbitrary data, or colored coins, or omnicoin or omnilayer or bloat from "runes" tokens or degens spamming op_return. It fixes none of those things.
FEES are the only thing that really stops spam IMO and fees result from actual usage and payments. I don't know why people think bip-110 is some sort of solution. I can come up with zillions of 'arbitrary schemes' for embedding data and gambling on it and this bip doesn't prevent any of them.
I agree that UTXO set bloat is causing problems for node runners now, but in the long run this should be solved by Utreexo.
And yes, higher fees discourage spam. But inscriptions benefit from a 75% witness discount. JPEGs on the chain are significantly cheaper than regular monetary transactions. That's a misalignment of incentives if I've ever seen one.
Fine by me. I don't see OP_RETURNs as the problem.
Inscriptions are the problem.