The U.S. depends on foreign suppliers for many of the minerals that power semiconductors, EV batteries, defense systems, and nuclear energy.

The visualization below shows America’s net import reliance for 37 critical minerals in 2025, along with their leading suppliers between 2021 and 2024. The data comes from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Out of 37 critical minerals listed, 11 are 100% import-reliant, meaning the U.S. has no domestic production of them at all. Several others depend on foreign sources for more than half of supply.

China is a central supplier across the list, serving as the primary source for materials such as graphite, arsenic, tantalum, and yttrium.



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