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They don't work. It depends on what you mean by libertarian and which author you're talking about. Anarcho-capitalism, or voluntarism, is something you join voluntarily and in good faith through any contract; those points you raised in your question are just excuses—the fear that makes theft more acceptable. When you are the sovereign of your own life, those things are just third parties trying to micromanage your life and your money.

all in exchange for a cut in the profits from my job

there is no exchange in the ponzi scheme theft

fundamental rights (health, education, safety and so on)

everything you're saying isn't about rights, but rather privileges. Here's an excellent pill from @Lux; I recommend you read all the pills.

Like accept the fact that if you're poor you're cut out from things.

The state giving "free" things to poor people by plundering all citizens doesn't make them good samaritans. Charity and helping others are things all human beings do regardless of the state, and it will always be that way.