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Yes, sanctions can backfire badly over time as the sanctioned nation/s develop their own technology and supply chains and gain the ability to develop outside of the hegemony of sanctioning powers.
It requires a strong national unity, commitment and sense of purpose, but once achieved self determination is a hugely empowering strategic asset.
Most of the world is more or less subservient militarily and monetarily to the US and its petrodollar empire- but that is changing.
Monopolies tend toward waste and inequality.
Competition is more productive.
A more multi-polar world might not be all bad...and it looks increasingly inevitable.
The multipolar world can be an opportunity to destroy many of the economic and even cultural bubbles that have appeared in the world these days due to the monetary system and the power of America.
Exactly like that .. This highlights how strategic resource management and geopolitical positioning can defy even the most intense sanctions. It’s a powerful example of how a nation’s sovereignty dictates its economic trajectory... In Iran, I have witnessed this very closely, and in many areas that were severely restricted due to the sanctions, but after a while, relying on the local and internal forces, the deficiencies were well resolved.