The horizontal axis shows the country's aging level.

The vertical axis shows the change in the replacement rate—that is, the portion of earned income that the pension replaces.

Almost everyone falls below zero. Latvia, Poland, and Portugal lose more than 30 percentage points in replacement.

Spain, Italy, and Greece lose between 10 and 13 points. The European Union average drops by nearly 6.

It is the usual story: fewer working-age people supporting a growing number of retirees.

The system doesn't collapse all at once; it simply delivers less.

And anyone relying solely on the public system will need personal assets to cover the gap.