Storm: Distributed Message over L2/L3
Storm uses HTLCs, data encryption, payment channels, CVS and checkable proof allowing two parties data storage having incentive economic using Bitcoin as motto
BitStream: Decentralized File Hosting
Similar with Storm, Bitstream also accept payments via Lightning beyond eCash and other forms. However, is necessary use OP_CAT, which require soft fork.
Carbonado: An apocalypse-resistant data storage
Different of last two proposal mentioned, Carbonado not use L1 or timechain for allow storage, he works as 'backend' tech doing storage less complex and more easy.
Durabit: A Bitcoin-native Incentive Mechanism for Data
Durabit uses eCash and OP_RETURN, which first option as motto incentive economic and last for verify specific
torrent file and bonds.
Resume
Nowadays, we've many options on Bitcoin for data storage, this clear each project have his method and incentive.
Resources:
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BitStream (paper(: https://robinlinus.com/bitstream.pdf
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Storm spec: https://github.com/Storm-WG/storm-spec
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Carbonado (Github): https://github.com/diba-io/carbonado/
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Durabit (paper): https://github.com/4de67a207019fd4d855ef0a188b4519c/Durabit/