Implementation is the big problem, but conceptually I think many environmental issues fit into standard ways of thinking about property rights. Users of unowned air and water establish easements on their use. If someone pollutes the air or water that you have such an easement on, then you can hold them liable or issue a cease and desist order.

As I mentioned in another recent comment, people use to use mechanisms like that against industry to prevent air and water pollution. The objection to that free market property rights approach was actually that it didn't allow enough pollution for the amount of industrialization that the government wanted.

There are some issues, like ocean pollution, that might not fit so cleanly into that framework. I worry about ocean pollution more than most of the other environmental stuff, because it's so out-of-sight out-of-mind for people and might hit some unobserved point of no return.