Dune (novel) is an all-time masterpiece of science fiction and it contains more economic insight than any academic course in Keynesian economics one could take.
One of the most prominent economic concepts explored in the novel is the interplay between scarcity, value, and utility.
In the harsh desert environment of Arrakis, water scarcity is a central concern for its inhabitants. For the Fremen, Water holds immense value as a precious resource essential for survival in the arid landscape. The Fremen's intricate water conservation practices, such as the use of stillsuits to recycle bodily fluids, highlight the importance of resource management in the face of scarcity:
water holds a higher marginal utility compared to spice (Melange), as spice is relatively abundant on Arrakis compared to water. On the contrary, for the Imperium, Melange is the most crucial resource in the universe as it enables interplanetary trade and, from their perspective, it is very, very scarce.

Furthermore, the concept of trade and commerce is evident in the dealings of the Spacing Guild and the CHOAM corporation. The Guild's monopoly on space travel and the economic interests of CHOAM demonstrate the influence of trade networks and corporate interests on galactic economics.
Dune also delves into the psychology of economics, exploring themes of scarcity mentality, resource allocation, and rational choice. Characters like Paul Atreides navigate complex economic and political landscapes, making strategic decisions to safeguard their interests and achieve their goals: "He who can destroy a thing has the real control of it".