Bitcoin protocols utilizing presigned transactions, such as the Lightning Network and Firefish, encounter issues with predicting fees for these transactions. One approach is to estimate future fee rates, risking either slow block inclusion or unnecessary satoshi expenditure. Another approach involves CPFP, which may necessitate additional outputs known as anchor outputs. These anchors increase transaction size, potentially reduce privacy due to their low amounts, and can pollute the UTXO set if the presigned transaction confirms with its original fee.