If I understood the whole thing correctly, a neuro-scientist (Christof Koch), has explored how consciousness arises from specific brain areas. He supports Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which says consciousness comes from a system’s ability to influence itself.

From there he explains why current AI cannot be conscious, as its connectivity is too limited compared to the human brain. Koch enriches his discussion with references to various philosophers and cultural figures.

Then the author explores states of consciousness, like NDE (near-death experiences), psychedelics, and meditation. Talking about "the flow," a state of total engagement, as a higher form of consciousness and suggests that exercise, meditation, and psychedelics can help achieve it.

I really think currently we are still not fully grasping what consciousness is, especially when we think that AI will develop it. That feels wrong somehow.