1. To improve taxpayer compliance rates and combat tax evasion, tax authorities should clearly define the legal status of cryptocurrencies and require cryptoexchanges, e-wallet providers and DeFi platforms to report gross inflows and outflows on all business and personal accounts.
  2. Given the fast-evolving nature of cryptocurrencies and their ecosystem, countries urgently need to agree and implement a global tax cryptocurrency regulation that considers the needs and challenges of developing countries and gives them adequate representation.
  3. Apart from global tax coordination, a comprehensive system of information sharing on cryptocurrency holding and trading is necessary, such as through a common reporting standard. Such measures would support countries to detect evasion of capital controls and enforce taxes.
These three recommended policies are also crucial to the effectiveness of two other initiatives:
  1. Although cryptocurrencies may facilitate remittances, given the negative socioeconomic impact these private digital currencies bring about, countries should consider imposing higher taxes on them in comparison to other financial assets to discourage holding and transacting cryptocurrencies.
  2. Countries should redesign their capital controls to include flows channelled through cryptocurrencies. Alternatives include imposing financial tax on cryptocurrency trading and limiting the amount of individual transactions on cryptoexchanges. Moreover, central bank digital currencies could be designed to allow for the functioning of capital controls. Without adapting to new digital alternatives, the effectiveness of these controls may be undermined.