There are metaphorical truths in stories that teach high virtues for the individual. My opinion (so far) is that in western fairy tales, the following stories/story types teach some of the highest virtues: Jack the Giant Killer, Simpleton (a story type, see The Golden Goose), and The Princess and the Pea. There are significantly related variations that iterate and build on the themes I like in these stories such as The Giant who had no Heart in his Body and The Goosegirl.
I can give you my interpretations but I’d rather give the story recommendations and see how you feel about them :)