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I just went down a little rabbit-hole on the optical telegraph. It's a very interesting history.
Here's a map of the optical telegraph lines in France
And the telegraph referenced in the book The Count Of Monte Cristo was actually an optical telegraph, of the Chappe variety, with the moving arms:
I had often seen one placed at the end of a road on a hillock, and in the light of the sun its black arms, bending in every direction, always reminded me of the claws of an immense beetle, and I assure you it was never without emotion that I gazed on it, for I could not help thinking how wonderful it was that these various signs should be made to cleave the air with such precision as to convey to the distance of three hundred leagues the ideas and wishes of a man sitting at a table at one end of the line to another man similarly placed at the opposite extremity, and all this effected by a simple act of volition on the part of the sender of the message.