In recent years, the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a dramatic increase in computational demand. Traditional electronic computing, however, is nearing its performance limits, struggling to keep up with Moore’s law, which predicts a doubling of transistors on a microchip every two years. This has sparked a search for new computing paradigms that can satisfy the growing needs for speed, scale, and energy efficiency. A particularly promising area is optical computing, which utilizes the unique properties of light to perform computations.