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Bitcoin mining has several significant environmental impacts, primarily related to energy consumption and associated pollutants. The main environmental pollutants from Bitcoin mining include:
Bitcoin mining is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2):
Bitcoin mining emitted over 85.89 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MTCO2E) from 2020 to 2021[1][3].
This is comparable to the greenhouse gas emissions of entire countries like Singapore or Belarus[2].
The emissions from Bitcoin mining alone could be sufficient to push global warming beyond the Paris Agreement's goal of keeping temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius[3].
Bitcoin mining can indirectly contribute to water pollution:
In some areas, Bitcoin mining relies on natural gas plants that may contaminate local water sources[1].
The water footprint of Bitcoin mining from 2020 to 2021 was about 1.65 cubic kilometers, equivalent to the volume needed to fill over 660,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools[4].
While not a chemical pollutant, noise from Bitcoin mining operations is a significant environmental concern:
In some areas, such as Georgia and North Carolina, noise pollution from mining operations has been reported to severely impact residents' quality of life[1].
The environmental impact of Bitcoin mining is substantial and multifaceted, affecting air quality, water resources, land use, and contributing to the global climate crisis. These impacts vary by country depending on the energy sources used, but the overall environmental footprint of Bitcoin mining remains a significant concern for environmentalists and policymakers.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Air Pollutants
Water Pollution
Electronic Waste
Noise Pollution