Google’s Willow quantum computer can make calculations with 105 qubits, and its output is believed (as of now) to be relatively accurate. Although 105 qubits represents a large step forward, breaking bitcoin's encryption would require 200 to 400 million qubits. To reach this capability within 10 years, quantum bit depth would have to rise over 324% annually, which is far outside expectations. ... However, the changes coming to bitcoin to meet this challenge pale in comparison to what will be required of thousands of other secure computing protocols and networks. The effort to upgrade the entire world’s cryptographic protocols may well turn out to be an order of magnitude more complex than preparing for Y2K. ... The path forward for PQC involves not only updating cryptographic standards but also ensuring compatibility with existing systems. This is a daunting task, given the diverse applications of encryption across industries, but it is essential to maintaining trust in our connected, digital world.