The Horsemen of the Pir Panjal are a remarkable collection of rock sculptures and reliefs depicting armed horsemen, found primarily at the foot or on the main passes ("Galis") of the Pir Panjal mountain range in Jammu and Kashmir. These sculptures are often located near natural springs and ponds, suggesting their placement at strategic resting points along ancient routes that connected villages throughout the region. They likely served both as navigational markers and as rest stops for travelers and their horses.

The sculptures are notable for their detailed craftsmanship, with variations in size and the number of riders per horse-some show one, two, or even three figures astride a single horse. All the horsemen are depicted as warriors, carrying various weapons. While some reliefs also feature local deities and geometric motifs, the horsemen figures overwhelmingly dominate these sites.

Local folklore attributes the creation of these sculptures to the Pandavas from the Mahabharata during their exile, though other sources suggest they were made by local people. The style of the horsemen-especially their attire and weaponry-shows more resemblance to Bactrian (Central Asian) rather than Indic traditions. The deities depicted also differ from contemporary Hindu gods, adding to the mystery of their origins. The presence of these sculptures only in this region and nowhere else in the Indian subcontinent suggests a possible connection to an outside culture, perhaps a group of horsemen who settled in or passed through the region.

At the Ghora Gali site alone, there are reportedly over 200 horsemen in various states of preservation, with more potentially buried and yet to be excavated. Unfortunately, these sites have suffered neglect, with many sculptures damaged by weather and lack of protection. Only limited efforts have been made to preserve them, and scientific research into their origins and significance remains scarce. Some sculptures are displayed at the Shri Pratap Singh Museum in Srinagar, and there is hope that increased tourism and scholarly attention will lead to better preservation and understanding of these enigmatic monuments.