The Chinese government accused the Trump administration of undermining recent trade talks in Geneva with its warning that using Huawei Technologies Co.’s artificial-intelligence chips “anywhere in the world” would violate US export controls.

The Commerce Department had said in a statement last week that it was issuing guidance to make clear that the use of Huawei Ascend chips is a breach of the US government’s export controls. The agency said at the time that it would also warn the public about “the potential consequences of allowing US AI chips to be used for training and inference of Chinese AI models.”