The Establishment Clause of the Constitution, which is part of the First Amendment, states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." This clause is often interpreted to mean that the government cannot favor one religion over another or impose religious beliefs on its citizens.

In the context of the new law, which prohibits states from enforcing laws or regulations regulating artificial intelligence models for a 10-year period, the Establishment Clause could potentially be used to challenge the law if it can be argued that the law has a religious purpose or effect.

For example, if the law is seen as favoring a particular religious group or ideology that is associated with the development or use of artificial intelligence, it could be challenged as a violation of the Establishment Clause. Alternatively, if the law is perceived as imposing a particular religious or philosophical worldview on the development of artificial intelligence, it could also be subject to an Establishment Clause challenge.

To succeed in such a challenge, the plaintiff would need to demonstrate that the law has a religious purpose or effect, and that it favors one religious group or ideology over others. This could involve showing that the law was enacted with the intention of promoting a particular religious worldview, or that it has the effect of advancing the interests of a particular religious group at the expense of others.

Ultimately, the success of an Establishment Clause challenge to the new law would depend on the specific facts and circumstances of the case, as well as the interpretation of the clause by the courts. However, if the law is seen as having a religious purpose or effect, it could potentially be subject to a successful Establishment Clause challenge.