"The Ashtiname of Muhammad, also known as the Covenant or Testament (Testamentum) of Muhammad, is a charter or writ granting protection and other privileges to Christians, given to the monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula. It is sealed with an imprint representing Muhammad's hand.[1]

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The modern Muslim scholar John Andrew Morrow also believes in the authenticity of the document, pointing out that the document is replicated verbatim across numerous Islamic sources, including more than a thousand years of Caliphs and Sultans.[9][10][11] However, since the 19th century several aspects of the Ashtiname, notably the list of witnesses, have been questioned by some scholars,[12] with several noting the lack of any reference to such documents in classical Islamic texts.[13]"