Open Source DMR Modem ***Implementation*** in SDR with GNU Radio and Codec2

tech

This link was posted by [threeme3](https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=threeme3) 2 hours ago on [HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43735945). It received 29 points and 2 comments.

Open Source DMR Modem Implementation in SDR with GNU Radio and Codec2

Curtailment:
- Understanding Strike Price Curtailment
- Key Features of Strike Price Curtailment
- ***Implementing***

Maximizing Mining Profitability with Strike Price Curtailment in Braiins MCP

bitcoin_Mining

> **How Braiins Manager keeps miners profitable by smartly pausing operations in volatile energy markets.**
>
> ![](https://m.stacker.news/88525)
>
> Table of Contents
>
> - Real-World Example: How Strike Price Curtailment Saves Costs in ERCOT’s Houston load zone (LZ_HOUSTON)
> - Impact of Strike Price Curtailment:
> - Understanding Strike Price Curtailment
> - Key Features of Strike Price Curtailment
> - Implementing Strike Price Curtailment in Braiins Manager
>
> **[...read more at braiins.com](https://braiins.com/blog/maximizing-btc-mining-profitability-with-strike-price-curtailment-in-braiins-manager-cloud-platform)**

0xbitcoiner

Satoshi also had plans to ***implement*** an escrow system but this never came to fruition.

Unfinished Market Place & Poker game + Escrow in Bitcoin client.

bitcoin

Did you know?

The original #Bitcoin Client v0.1 release by Satoshi had an unfinished Poker game & an eBay-style marketplace in the source code.

Satoshi also had plans to implement an escrow system but this never came to fruition.

![](https://m.stacker.news/87882)

Links:
- https://github.com/trottier/original-bitcoin/blob/master/src/market.h
- https://github.com/trottier/original-bitcoin/blob/master/src/uibase.cpp#L1616
- https://mmalmi.github.io/satoshi/ (email #3)

raw_avocado

Did you know Satoshi initially ***implemented*** a review system in #Bitcoin.

Bitcoin has a user review system built in.

Did you know Satoshi initially implemented a review system in #Bitcoin.

This was meant to work with the market-place.

Code for both of these was still present in the 1st versions of Bitcoin, but not used.

![](https://m.stacker.news/88560)

Links:
- This version also contains additional comments by Jemery Rubin which helps a lot with understanding what the code does: https://github.com/JeremyRubin/satoshis-version/blob/master/src/main.cpp#L1953
- 2008 version where code presented was not commented out: https://github.com/0xMagnuz/Bitcoin-v0.1/blob/master/nov08/main.cpp#L1239

However, the ***implementation*** of NIPs (Nostr ***Implementation*** Possibilities) varies across clients, creating ... Features that work seamlessly in one client might be ***implemented*** differently in another. ... While the functionality is generally present, the ***implementation*** quality, feature set, and ease of use

I've been on nostr for ~60 days, and here are my thoughts

nostr

**About Me**
I come to Nostr with extensive experience in the digital landscape. As a blockchain native since 2017, I've witnessed the evolution of decentralized technologies firsthand. Most of my professional career has been spent working within big tech companies, giving me a unique perspective on both centralized and decentralized systems.

My social media journey began on Twitter in 2007, where I've maintained a presence for over 17 years. I've also explored other decentralized social platforms including BlueSky, Farcaster, and Lens Protocol. As a Bitcoin maximalist, I was particularly intrigued by Nostr's compatibility with the Lightning Network, which initially drew me to the platform.

**The Onboarding Challenge**
The Nostr onboarding experience presents a significant hurdle for newcomers. Despite my technical background, I found the initial setup process more complicated than expected. Understanding public/private key cryptography just to join a social network creates a steeper learning curve than necessary.

BlueSky and Farcaster have demonstrated that it's possible to maintain decentralized principles while providing a more streamlined onboarding experience. Their approaches show that user-friendly design and decentralization aren't mutually exclusive concepts.

**Relay Management: Room for Improvement**
The concept of relays represents one of Nostr's most distinctive features, though it can be confusing for newcomers. While many clients come pre-configured with default relays, users eventually encounter situations where content or connections seem inconsistent.

When someone I've interacted with doesn't appear in my feed or doesn't respond, I'm often left wondering if we're simply on different relays. This uncertainty creates friction that doesn't exist on other platforms where connectivity is handled behind the scenes.

The relay system introduces a layer of complexity that, while important to Nostr's architecture, could benefit from better abstraction in the user experience. When using BlueSky or Farcaster, I don't need to think about the underlying infrastructure, something Nostr could learn from while maintaining its decentralized principles.

**The Zap Economy: Growing Pains**
The Lightning-powered zap system shows tremendous potential, but I've observed some concerning economic patterns. Longer-term Nostr users have expressed frustration about continuously sending zaps while seeing limited growth in the overall ecosystem.

Interestingly, there appears to be a connection between this liquidity issue and community growth dynamics. Some established users who voice concerns about bearing the financial burden of the zapping economy are simultaneously less welcoming to newer accounts, rarely following, engaging with, or zapping newcomers.

This creates a challenging environment for new users, who face a cold reception and have little incentive to load their Lightning wallets or participate in the zap economy. Why bring fresh liquidity to a platform where established users rarely engage with your content? This dynamic has limited the expansion of the ecosystem, with the same sats often circulating among established users rather than growing with new participants.

**Client Diversity: Strength and Challenge**
Nostr's multiple client options offer users choice, which is valuable. However, the implementation of NIPs (Nostr Implementation Possibilities) varies across clients, creating inconsistent experiences. Features that work seamlessly in one client might be implemented differently in another.

This extends to fundamental aspects like search functionality, thread navigation, and notification systems, all of which can differ significantly between clients. For users accustomed to consistent experiences, this fragmentation creates a learning curve with each new client they try.

Lightning Integration: Varying Experiences
The Lightning Network integration varies in quality and user experience across Nostr clients. While the functionality is generally present, the implementation quality, feature set, and ease of use differ depending on which client you choose.

This inconsistency means users may need to experiment with several clients to find one that provides the Lightning experience they're looking for, rather than having a consistent experience across the ecosystem.

**Finding Balance**
Nostr appears to be navigating the challenge of balancing technical innovation with user experience. While its cryptographic foundation and decentralized architecture are impressive technical achievements, these same strengths sometimes come at the cost of accessibility.

Despite my technical background and interest in decentralized technologies, I find myself using BlueSky and Farcaster more frequently for daily social interactions, while checking Nostr less often. For Nostr to achieve its potential for broader adoption, addressing these user experience considerations while maintaining its core principles will be essential.

The platform has tremendous potential with improvements to user experience, community dynamics, and economic sustainability, Nostr could evolve from a fascinating technical experiment into a truly compelling alternative to mainstream social media.

metadavid

all multisig participants to easily get appropriate format

Whether you're managing company funds, ***implementing***

Create & Use a Multisig Wallet in BTCPay Server with Hardware Wallets (Guide)

BTCPay Server has supported multisig wallets for a while, but version 2.1.0 brings a complete redesign of the user experience and introduces powerful new features aimed at improving security, collaboration, and flexibility.

**Collaborative custody:** Create wallets that require multiple signatures to authorize a transaction.

**Self-hosted multisig coordination:** Keep control of your company’s public keys and signing flow without relying on a third-party.

**Hardware wallet support:** Works seamlessly with the BTCPay Vault and is compatible with majority hardware signing devices. 

**Notification system:** Stay informed with email alerts when transactions are created, pending, (requiring sufficient amount of signatures), and broadcasted.

**Integration with plugins:** Works with Vendor Pay and future features, enabling multisig-based payouts. Integrates with Xpub Extractor, allowing all multisig participants to easily get appropriate format

Whether you're managing company funds, implementing shared custody, or simply want more control, the new multisig experience is built to scale with your needs.

For more details, check the documentation.

📚 Useful Links:
https://docs.btcpayserver.org/Multisig/
https://docs.btcpayserver.org/HardwareWalletIntegration/

supratic

@brymut ***implemented*** the option to randomize poll choices.

SN release: receive prompt, random poll choice order, reply subscription fixes

k00b

environments by:
→ Integrating a WASM-compatible gRPC client using 𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚠𝚎𝚋𝚠𝚊𝚜𝚖_𝚌𝚕𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝
→ ***Implementing*** ... 𝚛𝚞𝚜𝚚𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎
 → Added a custom persistent watcher to handle state

Background Tasks & System Adaptations
We ***implemented***

Breez SDK - Nodeless | WASM, Lowered Minimum Send/Receive, and More ⚡️

Today, Breez released a big update to the Nodeless SDK ⚡️

Check out the release notes for more details: https://github.com/breez/breez-sdk-liquid/releases/tag/0.8.0

***

## 1. WASM support
Nodeless now supports WebAssembly, so apps can now add Bitcoin payments directly into browsers and node.js environments.

To make WASM happen, we’ve made major improvements across the SDK.

⚠️ *Warning: we’re about to go technical* ⚠️ 

WASM-Compatible SDK Core
We updated the 𝚜𝚍𝚔-𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚘𝚗 crate to work in WASM environments by:
→ Integrating a WASM-compatible gRPC client using 𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚌_𝚠𝚎𝚋_𝚠𝚊𝚜𝚖_𝚌𝚕𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝
→ Implementing custom DNS resolution for WASM
→ Refactoring the internal REST client to remove non-WASM-compatible dependencies
→ Introducing a new 𝚜𝚍𝚔-𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚛𝚘𝚜 crate for shared macro support across platforms

New WASM-Specific Crate
We added a dedicated WASM interface using 𝚠𝚊𝚜𝚖-𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚐𝚎𝚗, with custom type and callback handling to provide a smooth developer experience.

Flexible SDK Customization
 The new 𝙻𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚒𝚍𝚂𝚍𝚔𝙱𝚞𝚒𝚕𝚍𝚎𝚛 makes it easy to configure SDK components:
 → Includes platform-specific filesystem abstractions
 → Supports persistent storage in both Web and Node.js environments

SQLite and Cache Handling
 Since traditional databases are challenging in WASM, we:
 → Use an adapted in-memory SQLite setup via 𝚛𝚞𝚜𝚚𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎
 → Added a custom persistent watcher to handle state

Background Tasks & System Adaptations
We implemented WASM-friendly alternatives for:
 → Background task spawning
 → Interval management
 → Accessing system time

Alternative Blockchain Data Sources
 Electrum isn’t viable in-browser, so we:
 → Integrated support for 𝚆𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚏𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚜 as a lightweight blockchain data source

WASM-Ready Boltz Integration
 → We refactored the Boltz swap client to be fully compatible with WASM environments.

gRPC-Web Proxy Support
 All gRPC-based services (e.g., Breez Server and real-time sync):
 → Now support 𝚐𝚁𝙿𝙲-𝚆𝚎𝚋 proxies
 → Enabling full connectivity from browser environments

> Need more guidance on building Lightning payments on the web?
> Check out our WASM demo app.
> https://github.com/breez/wasm-example-app


## 2. Lower Minimum Send/Receive Amounts

We’ve significantly lowered the minimums for sending and receiving payments with the Breez SDK - Nodeless.

You can now:
> ➡️ Send from just 21 sats
> ⬅️ Receive from just 100 sats

## 3. Pay Fees with Non-Bitcoin Assets

Users can now pay fees without using Bitcoin — instead paying fees with other assets like USDT.

A smoother UX for your users — more flexibility for your app. 

***


military uses and re-entered the market as rare earths were getting more important as a part of the ***implementation***

China's Rare Earth Monopoly is Diminishing

charts_and_numbers

>![](https://m.stacker.news/88357)
![](https://m.stacker.news/88358)
Up until 2010, precious rare earths important in the production of microchips, electronics and electric motors were almost exclusively sourced in China. In recent years, several nations have picked up production again while new players entered the market, diversifying it at least to some degree.
Yet, China was still responsible for almost 70 percent of global production in 2024, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. But since many countries are wary of depending on China, especially when it comes to technology products, nations with rare earth deposits are likely to exploit them further. The U.S., however, is still shipping its rare earths to China for processing, resulting in 70 percent of U.S. rare earth imports coming from the country. Significant domestic refining capabilities have still not been developed, as issues like labor costs pose hurdles.

>China also has the largest know deposits of rare earths, but Brazil, Vietnam and Russia also have a lot of (largely) untapped potential in the sector. The United States and Australia ramped up production of rare earths after 2010 and Myanmar, Thailand and most recenly Nigeria also started to mine considerable amounts. As seen in our chart, the U.S. had in the past mined and produced rare earths for military uses and re-entered the market as rare earths were getting more important as a part of the implementation of crucial technologies.

[...Via](https://www.statista.com/chart/18278/global-rare-earth-production/)

suraz

Simultaneously, Europe is quietly ***implementing*** Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) — digital currencies ... not yet fully detailed publicly, the very fact that the technical and political possibility for their ***implementation***

The Digital Cage: How the EU Threatens Your Freedom and Privacy

The European Union is strategically advancing toward a future where privacy and individual freedom face an unprecedented threat. The recent attempt to limit or ban the use of [Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)](https://www.reddit.com/r/VPN/comments/1f4whk1/what_is_a_vpn_and_why_its_important/?rdt=33783) — technology that encrypts your connection and hides your IP, making tracking more difficult — is not merely a public safety measure, as European authorities officially claim, but a calculated move in a broader game: the pursuit of total control over ordinary citizens.

Under the guise of security and order, the EU seeks to transform the internet into a transparent digital cage, where every movement, transaction, opinion, and social interaction is exposed and monitored in real time. This initiative is driven by a set of laws and regulations that, although publicly justified as necessary to combat crime and digital threats, conceal deeper intentions related to mass surveillance and the progressive suppression of personal autonomy in the digital realm.

The ban on VPNs is neither an isolated nor accidental event; it is a calculated step within a broader strategy that directly aims to weaken any possibility of citizen resistance to invasive tracking by authorities and global corporations, who commodify and exploit our personal information for economic and political purposes.

This digital offensive is part of a much larger and more concerning design. Simultaneously, Europe is quietly implementing [Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)](https://proton.me/blog/bitcoin-vs-cbdcs) — digital currencies controlled directly by governmental financial entities, capable of monitoring and regulating in real time all financial operations conducted by citizens. Their true purpose goes far beyond mere monetary digitalization: they are sophisticated tools designed specifically to exercise absolute financial control, establishing arbitrary limits on how much money can be accumulated, how it can be spent, where, and at what times. Even though these limits are not yet fully detailed publicly, the very fact that the technical and political possibility for their implementation exists should immediately trigger all alarms.

The strategic combination of these two elements — digital censorship through VPN prohibition and economic control via CBDCs — creates a perfectly designed structure to control, manipulate, and subjugate the average citizen. Individual freedom, traditionally conceived as an inherent right, is rapidly becoming a conditional privilege, selectively granted and always subject to the approval and supervision of the State and its corporate allies.

Yet, despite this complex, alarming, and dark scenario, there are still clear and effective ways to preserve our digital and financial freedom. A key tool against this mass surveillance is the [TOR network (The Onion Router)](https://www.torproject.org/), which protects online browsing through multiple layers of encryption, significantly hindering any attempts at governmental or corporate tracking. This network allows safe and anonymous access to censored or inaccessible content from the conventional web, becoming an essential resource for keeping informational freedom alive. Using TOR is simple: just download and install the official browser from their website to start browsing privately, securely, and protected against invasive digital surveillance.

In parallel, acquiring [Bitcoin](https://bitcoin.org/es/) — a decentralized cryptocurrency resistant to censorship or control by governments and financial institutions, with a strictly limited supply of 21 million units — emerges as a fundamental strategy in the face of the threat posed by CBDCs. Bitcoin not only offers protection against potential confiscation or arbitrary monetary restrictions by the State but also allows individuals to recover and maintain absolute control over their wealth. It is an effective defense against repressive economic policies, enabling the preservation of personal financial sovereignty even in adverse political scenarios.

In short, the technological and financial siege being constructed by the European Union is advancing rapidly and relentlessly. It is imperative to acquire specific technical knowledge, share detailed information, and act decisively by adopting secure and reliable alternatives like TOR and Bitcoin. Our digital and economic freedom is seriously under threat, and only through continued education, critical awareness, and collective action can we prevent this digital cage from closing permanently.

Only then can we ensure a future where dignity, individual freedom, and privacy are not merely empty words but real rights effectively protected and preserved for everyone.

Khunsa

their assets in the form of balances at Reserve Banks,” could “have the potential to complicate the ***implementation***

Banking Works By Tricking People (Bloomberg, Matt Levine)

econ

Wonderful intro (and crypto angle): 

> Traditionally, banks are in the business of (1) taking deposits and (2) making loans, and that is a **famously risky combination: If all the depositors want their money back, the bank doesn’t have it, and there can be a destructive bank run.** There are various ways to mitigate this problem — liquidity regulation, deposit insurance, the central bank as a lender of last resort — but it keeps popping up.

Quoting computer programmer Steve Randy Waldman, Levine goes:

> One purpose of a financial system is to ensure that we are, in general, in a high-investment dynamic rather than a low-investment stasis.
This is a core problem that finance in general and banks in particular have evolved to solve. **A banking system is a superposition of fraud and genius that interposes itself between investors and entrepreneurs.**

"Banks take money from savers who don’t want to take risks, and use it to fund risky projects, a pro-social sleight of hand."
---

Against that backdrop, it makes sense that narrow banks have had a hard time entering the market competitively; and in recent years, even legally: 
> in 2018, an entity called TNB USA Inc. tried to open a narrow bank. It applied for an account at the Fed, where it would just park its depositors’ money. It wouldn’t make any loans or investments; all the money would just sit at the Fed, which pays interest on reserves. The Fed dragged its feet on opening an account for TNB, and explained its reasoning 2019, arguing that “narrowly focused depository institutions” like TNB, which “hold a very large proportion of their assets in the form of balances at Reserve Banks,” could “have the potential to complicate the implementation of monetary policy” and “disrupt financial intermediation in ways that are hard to anticipate.”

Goes Levine, 
> in 2018 and 2019, this struck me as largely correct: If everyone could have totally safe, Fed-backed, interest-paying deposits, surely there would be less demand for bank deposits, fewer loans and less financial intermediation.

Money market funds, holding reverse repos with the Fed _is as narrow a bank as you could get_. And private credit suggests that risk-willing pools of lending exist: 
> So banking is getting narrower, though it is not yet narrow in any absolute sense. Private credit is still much smaller than the banking system, and private credit firms themselves often borrow from banks to increase their ability to make loans.

Also: STABLECOINS
---

> A stablecoin is a crypto form of banking: You deposit dollars with a stablecoin issuer, it gives you back tokens entitling you to get your dollars back, and meanwhile it does whatever it wants with the dollars. In the unregulated early days of crypto, “whatever it wants” could be quite spicy indeed, but these days stablecoins are a big business and there is something of a norm of parking the deposits in very safe short-term dollar-denominated assets

![](https://m.stacker.news/88387)

_maybe we can recreate the banking system in crypto..._

Oh, the irony if stablecoins, holding USTs, bring about narrow(er) banking. 

Oh, the irony if stablecoins, a crypto invention, bring about the ideal fiat, i.e., completely surveilled CBDCs. 

>  the weirder story here is: If you are a crypto firm that wants a bank charter, do you have to do lending? If you are a stablecoin issuer whose entire business is (1) taking deposits and (2) parking those deposits in Treasury bills, do bank regulators want to give you a charter? **Aren’t bank charters for banks that do financial intermediation?**

> This is a little funny because crypto is to some extent a reaction against traditional banking. Satoshi Nakamoto invented Bitcoin in part in disgust at the 2008 financial crisis. And cryptocurrencies are distinct from dollars in that a dollar fundamentally _is_ a debt obligation of a bank, while a Bitcoin fundamentally _isn’t_; crypto is a form of non-debt money, a way to have money and payments and bank accounts without traditional banking.

---

non-paywalled: 
https://newsletterhunt.com/emails/185701