***NutStach*** app
Description
The ***Nutstash*** Wallet Embedder is a Chrome/Brave (and any other chromium-based ... Features
Embed the ***Nutstash*** wallet app within a browser extension. ... ) browser extension that allows users to embed the ***Nutstash*** wallet app into their browser for easy access ... Usage
Click the extension icon in the Chrome toolbar to open the ***Nutstash*** wallet app in a popup window

***Nutstash*** Wallet - Browser Extension

bitcoin

![NutStach app](https://imgprxy.stacker.news/KFbEqYVtysBVDVo0x6egE2ATfGFzuT63VRhVw8rxIQY/rs:fit:600:500:0/g:no/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL1N1cGVyQXRpYy9OdXRTdGFzaC1Ccm93c2VyLUV4dGVuc2lvbi9yYXcvbWFpbi9pbWFnZXMvaWNvbjEyOC5wbmc)
## Description
The Nutstash Wallet Embedder is a Chrome/Brave (and any other chromium-based) browser extension that allows users to embed the [Nutstash wallet](https://wallet.NutStach.app) app into their browser for easy access to their financial information.

## Features
Embed the Nutstash wallet app within a browser extension.
Automatically detects websites that support ecash payments.
Displays a green dot on the extension icon when ecash payments are supported on the current page.

## Installation
- [Clone](https://github.com/SuperAtic/NutStash-Browser-Extension) or [download](https://github.com/SuperAtic/NutStash-Browser-Extension/archive/refs/heads/main.zip) this repository.
- Open Google Chrome.
- Go to `chrome://extensions/`.
- Make sure "Developer mode" in the top-right corner is **enabled**.
- Click on "Load unpacked" and select the directory where you cloned/downloaded this repository.

## Usage
- Click the extension icon in the Chrome toolbar to open the Nutstash wallet app in a popup window.
- The extension will automatically detect websites that support ecash payments and display a green dot on the extension icon when applicable.
- Click the green dot to view available ecash payment options.

## Contributing
Contributions are welcome!

Nutstash Wallet - Browser Extension

supratic

***Nutstash*** is a Cashu Wallet for your browser, that lets you connect to Mints

Nutstash is a Cashu Wallet for your browser, that lets you connect to Mints

runningbitcoin

***Nutstash*** Wallet v0.1.10: Available on Umbrel App Store

Nutstash Wallet v0.1.10: Available on Umbrel App Store

kepford

***Nutstash*** wallet New Website Landing page

Design

![](https://m.stacker.news/30150)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30151)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30152)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30153)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30154)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30155)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30156)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30157)

![](https://m.stacker.news/30158)

**Stay tuned!** New features coming soon...

Nutstash wallet New Website Landing page

screenshot for a sneak peek  has been working on:



We appreciate all the feedback, please join the ***nutstash***

***Nutstash*** newsletter: #2 Rethinking ecash design

tech

Ecash was invented in the year 1982. That's 41 years ago!!! But why have you never heard of it until in recent years? Well, this [article](https://cryptome.org/jya/digicrash.htm) pretty much explains it.

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/f16d5043-c113-4f45-933f-9ef56aa65900/public)

Ecash has basically been dead for the past decades, but it is seeing a revival now. Why?

The answer is Bitcoin.

Bitcoin offers the perfect foundation for building ecash application on top. And this time, it can happen in a free market, where there is no longer a company gate keeping the patents for ecash.

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/f330a223-e91b-4b61-77cf-690b6e5bee00/public)

A lot of time has passed since the inception and downfall of ecash. People are now used to holding balances at banks, holding UTXO private keys, swiping credit cards, having liquidity in lightning channels.... But this _old_ new thing called "ecash" seems foreign.

We as developers and creators of user interfaces also struggle with this. Understanding ecash from a technical perspective helps to grasp what might be going on behind a user interface, but how can we design this so using an ecash wallet feels intuitive?

## The ecash is stored in the wallet, on YOUR device

You might have heard the term "ecash token". But what is a "token"? It's an often misused term, and the whole shitcoin-token stuff made things even more complicated. Shitcoins are not tokens. They are UTXOs, but on a crappy chain.

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/bf5140fb-38af-4cf3-b9de-2b5fdfea4600/public)

The correct way to describe a token would be a casino chip. It was issued by someone (in this instance the casino) and has some value ascribed to it. You can bring the chip back to the issuer and get back its ascribed value.

Ecash works the same way, but in addition we use cryptography to break traceablilty links while giving the issuer the means to prevent double spending. We have to do this, because data is easy to forge and copy, while the same thing would be hard with casino chips.

So when using ecash, you are litterally holding the tokens inside your wallet:

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/984b81f5-0450-485c-6716-871301e64300/public)

Each peice of data that is a token represents some cash value. In the case of cashu, it represents satoshis on the lightning network, redeemable at the issuer/mint of the token. (yes you heard right, ecash is fully custodial, so always keep that in mind when using ecash)

## Send or pay? Redeem, receive or topup?

Take a look at this:

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/56d8264c-1c96-484c-cb3b-ebcf4a5bd400/public)

pretty overwhelming right? What's the difference between pay and send? Am I trying to confuse the user?

Maybe a little. But the truth is, there is not much to pull from. Ecash is still in its UX baby shoes, and there is much left to explore. Last week we spent some time exploring ideas on how to simplify the user experience.

The first step, is to have less buttons on the main screen. The user either want's to increase or decrease the wallet balance. So we only give him the options to send or receive.

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/573ee385-0989-4f9e-c9f4-05aa65783200/public)

In the next step, for example if the user wants to receive sats into the wallet, ha can make the choice wether to use Lightning or Ecash:

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/c4dd07da-2530-40f8-cbca-19db8de53600/public)

Similarly for sending, we would see something like this. Again the user can choose to create a token to send, or scan a lightning invoice:

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/e8a01d13-63f5-41a0-86d3-87531b24b300/public)

There is much more to show, but maybe it's too much for going into all the details. but anyway here is a screenshot for a sneak peek [](https://bolt.fun/profile/360/sudo) has been working on:

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/de3d8856-18d9-4eae-2990-a1e0c0d8fa00/public)

We appreciate all the feedback, please join the nutstash telegram group and let us know what you think: https://t.me/+DRy-rSe5wQtlYTk1

And if you made it this far, try to redeem this:

cashu<🥜>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

![](https://imagedelivery.net/wyrwp3c-j0gDDUWgnE7lig/cda1d719-66cc-4931-25ec-f879d1629400/public)

Nutstash newsletter: #2 Rethinking ecash design

gandlaf21

***Nutstash*** Wallet - Browser Embedder - Github

Nutstash Wallet - Browser Embedder - Github

Rsync25

Where can I spend my cashus from my ***Nutstash*** wallet?

I joined a mint and have some satoshis to spend to share back and forth. I'm thinking of starting a service to pay for Mullvad VPN vouchers using Cashu.

Where can I spend my cashus from my Nutstash wallet?

Kathleen_Croteau

***Nutstash*** newsletter: #1 🚀

Nutstash newsletter: #1 🚀

EXAMPLE: Let's say you want 1000 ecash tokens, so you go to ***Nutstash*** and sell them 1000 sats for 1000

Ecash mints are just like the Fed's Repo Window

*I'm sorry to continue thrashing away at this topic, but it really does have me confused and trying to make these somewhat foolish arguments of mine helps me clarify things a little. If you find talking about ecash offense, don't bother reading any further.*

# Why custody isn't right for ecash

In my endeavor to assuage my own ignorance of ecash and how it works, I have somewhat incautiously been arguing that ecash tokens should be treated like altcoins that you purchase from the mint with bitcoin rather than IOUs for bitcoin that you deposited at the mint.

Most people in the Bitcoin world understand custody to mean that someone else holds the keys to your bitcoin and all you have is an account balance. This is how exchanges work and also how custodial wallets like Wallet of Satoshi work. Custodial means you can't do anything with your money without someone else's permission.

Even if we understand ecash mints as custodying a user's bitcoin, they are fundamentally different from this common conception of custody because users *do not* have accounts with the mint and users *are* able to trade their ecash tokens with anyone they wish without the mint's knowledge or permission.

While calling a user's relationship with a mint custodial helps to make it clear that they are no longer holding bitcoin and are exposed to the risk of getting rugged, it hides these beneficial aspects of ecash and leaves all of us arguing about the wrong things.

# It's only custody if you say it is

It is clear from both Cashu and Fedimint's documentation that the maintainers of the protocol understand the relationship between the mint and its users to be custodial, much like a bank.

> The mint is running the Lightning infrastructure and custodies the satoshis for the mint's ecash users. Users have to trust the mint to redeem their ecash once they want to swap out to Lightning. [-Cashu FAQ](https://docs.cashu.space/faq)

> Users can submit a request to deposit bitcoin, "pegging in", in exchange for fm-BTC eCash notes or use the fm-BTC eCash notes in their wallet in order to redeem on-chain bitcoin (note: users could also transfer out to themselves via the LN Gateway). [-Fedimint FAQ](https://fedimint.org/docs/GettingStarted/What-is-a-Fedimint)

What makes a mint custodial is not that you give them your sats. You can give your sats to someone as a gift or to buy something from them without turning them into a custodian. What makes a mint custodial is that the mint says it's taking custody of your sats and promising to give them back when you present your ecash tokens.

The model is similar to a free banking system where independent banks accept deposits and issue their depositors with banknotes which can be traded at will in the open market.  

The analogy that mints are like banks is good and helps us think about what a mint is doing. But there are other models for what is going on here. We should remember that banks do more than hold your money; they also issue loans. So allow me to propose yet another way to understand a user's relationship with a mint: the Fed's Repo Window.

# What is a repo?

Short for repurchase agreement, you may have encountered this term when reading about the Fed's Reverse Repo Window over the last few years. A reverse repo is where a bank loans cash to the Fed overnight and in return takes collateral from the Fed (usually a Treasury) and earns a bit of interest. What actually happens is that the bank buys a treasury from the Fed with an agreement to resell it to the Fed in the morning for a slightly higher price. The difference in prices is the interest earned by the bank for giving its cash to the Fed. In this case, the bank owns what is called a reverse repo. The Fed owns what is called a repo.

> A repurchase agreement (repo) is a short-term agreement to sell securities and repurchase them later at a slightly higher price. [-Investopedia](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/repurchaseagreement.asp)

In addition to running a reverse repo window, the Fed also runs a repo window where they loan banks money in exchange for collateral. Banks use this facility to cover shortfalls in cash.

# What the heck does a repo have to do with ecash?

What if instead of saying that you deposit your sats at a mint to get ecash tokens, we say that you give the mint your sats as collateral for a loan of ecash tokens. And the form this loan takes is that you sell your sats to the mint with an agreement to buy them back later for a slightly higher price.

EXAMPLE: Let's say you want 1000 ecash tokens, so you go to [Nutstash](https://nutstash.app/) and sell them 1000 sats for 1000 ecash tokens with the agreement that you are going to buy the sats back for 1001 ecash tokens. Obviously, you don't have 1001 ecash tokens, so you won't be able to buy back *all* your sats. And perhaps in the meantime, you trade some ecash tokens to me for a fabulous bitcoin-themed greeting card. I can take those repos (ecash tokens) you paid me to the mint and buy back the bitcoin they are worth (which is slightly less than a 1-1 rate) and as far as the financial world goes, this is a normal kind of transaction that happens every day.

The ecash tokens (repos) are worth slightly less than the sats I put into the mint, and this is good because it acknowledges that a mint might need to earn income and can include the price of lightning fees (in the case of Cashu) or onchain fees (if you don't use a LN gateway at a Fedimint). People are going to need to get used to the idea that you lose a few sats turning your ecash tokens back into sats.

Another advantage of this construction is that it makes it clear that you are giving up your bitcoin, but it also doesn't involve custody. You are selling your bitcoin to the mint in exchange for ecash tokens and the mint is agreeing to sell the sats back to you for ecash in the future.

In case the example didn't make it clear, what happens in my mint-as-repo-window example is this:

- You sell an asset (your sats) to the mint with the agreement that you will buy it back at a future date.
- The mint gives you ecash for your asset and when you buy it back you must do so with ecash from the mint.

In this case, you are actually getting a loan of ecash from the mint and giving them your bitcoin as collateral.

Now, why in the world would any sane person risk their sats in order to get a loan of crappy ecash tokens? The only answer I can see at the moment is that the ecash tokens are capable of something that your sats are not. One example of these capabilities is using an ecash mint to back your LN address do you don't have to run an always-on LN node. 

# Is this just a pipe dream?

The developers of these protocols certainly know much more than I do, but I suspect that the decision to describe the relationship between a mint and its users as custodial originated in a desire to make sure users understand that ecash tokens are not bitcoin. The most natural way to do this might have been to say that ecash tokens are altcoins, but this is a non-starter for most bitcoiners (nyet shitcoins!). So, perhaps, seeking the next best thing, they settled on calling it custody.

Clearly, being a custodian makes you vulnerable to overzealous regulators. At least in the US, and possibly in the EU, the main defense any Cashu mint has is to remain small. If they grow to any meaningful size, it's not hard to imagine regulators calling them a money transmitter and coming after the mint's operators. A Fedimint may survive somewhat longer by claiming decentralization, but it is untested how well defense this will work.

Repos are well-understood financial instruments. People know how to trade them and the laws around them are clear. The same may be said for custody and custodial relationships, but it seems to be the case that being a custodian carries rather heavier regulatory burdens than being a party to a repurchase agreement. Perhaps understanding a mint as a repo window could put the mint on sturdier legal ground. As a counterpoint to myself here, I should note that bitcoin-backed loan companies are almost as scarce as non-kyc custodians in the US; so it's possible that I've been on a wild goose chase.  

I am not a lawyer nor an accountant. I doubt there is any realistic world where calling ecash tokens repo agreements actually helps the protocols avoid being stifled by regulatory uncertainty. But I do think it may be time for bitcoiners to seek new modes for understanding ecash protocols even if they seem distasteful.

Scoresby

If you are interested in trying it out, some popular wallets using Cashu mints are ***Nutstash***, Minibits

Ecash on Bitcoin Educational Resources

# Ecash on Bitcoin Educational Resources

*Most of the resource pages for ecash haven't been updated in a while (probably because the people who made them are too busy building amazing things) so here's my attempt to assemble a list of educational resources for learning about ecash. Please let me know in the comments about any articles or resources that I've missed. I'm particularly interested in adding some long-form critiques of ecash on bitcoin.*

I've been trying to learn about ecash implementations on bitcoin and have come across a lot of useful resources. Here is a post where I'm assembling them all in one place in case anyone else would like to check them out. I've listed most of the articles and podcasts by date (most recent first) so you can follow the evolution of discourse on the topic.

# Protocols

1. [Fedimint](https://fedimint.org/) is an implementation of ecash on Bitcoin where the mint is operated by a federation of guardians. You can get new coins from a fedimint by sending bitcoin to an address controlled by the federation or by paying a lightning invoice at a lightning node that is willing to talk to the mint for you. **If you are interested in trying it out, some popular wallets using fedimints are [Mutiny](https://www.mutinywallet.com/) and [Fedi (signet)](https://www.fedi.xyz/builders).**

2. [Cashu](https://cashu.space/) is an implementation of ecash on the Lightning Network where the mint is a Lightning node and you can mint new tokens by paying a lightning invoice. **If you are interested in trying it out, some popular wallets using Cashu mints are [Nutstash](https://nutstash.app/), [Minibits](https://www.minibits.cash/), and [eNuts](https://www.enuts.cash/).**

# Guides

- [DarthCoin's guide for setting up a mint](https://darthcoin.substack.com/p/bitcoin-adoption-using-ecash)
- [Mutiny Tutorial by BTC Sessions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHQ6wgT3S2I)
- [Cashu Tutorial by BTC Sessions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riTRD0BdMDI&t=861s)
- [Super Testnet's guide for building your own toy Cashu implementation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfYmwc-gnK8)
- [Mutiny Wallet Text Guide by @runningbitcoin on Stacker.News](https://stacker.news/items/467711)
- [Minibits tutorial by BTC Sessions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igJF8ccMnbQ)
- [Enuts tutorial by BTC Sessions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhDQT4TeNIU)
- [Fedi tutorial by BTC Sessions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um2VL22R-J0)

# Articles / Videos

2024-06-10 [Cashu: A Vision for a Bitcoin-Powered Ecash System](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/cashu-a-vision-for-a-bitcoin-powered-ecash-ecosystem)  by Shinobi

2024-05-30 [Summarizing My Thoughts on Ecash](https://stacker.news/items/556907) by @sethforprivacy

2024-05-27 [Plebdevs Theory: Cashu Gets Nuttty](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhJZnxaLLU4)  by @gudnuf

2024-05-25 [Is Cashu and Bitcoin Ecash the Future?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiCGUWJ50Uo) by Ian Major

2024-05-21 [Bitcoin Fixes Ecash](https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-fixes-ecash/) by Marty Bent

2024-02-21 [Ecash for Better Bitcoin Privacy](https://habla.news/a/naddr1qqsx2cmpwd5z6en0wgkkyet5w3jhyttzd96xxmmfdckhqunfweskx7gzyr05etlwshmew625tpgakgp23pt0stwfza2gpy78vresjjykaxrmyqcyqqq823csnndk7) by @maxmoney21

2024-01-22 [MEOW: Mint Ecash on Will](https://delvingbitcoin.org/t/meow-mint-ecash-on-will/466) by @1440000bytes

2024-01-21 [Ecash is Self-Custodial](https://stacker.news/items/395461) by Tony Giorgio

2023-11-06 [Banks Without Bankers](https://www.axiombtc.capital/banks) by Eric Yakes

2023-08-12 [Bitcoin Demonimated Ecash without Custodial Risk](https://gist.github.com/moonsettler/42b588fa97a1da3ac0adea0dd16dadf2) by @moonsettler

2022-11-08 [Fedimint Uses Trust to Change Bitcoin Self Custody](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/fedimint-uses-trust-to-change-bitcoin-self-custody) by Obi Nwosu

2022-10-18 [Chaumian Ecash in Bitcoin - Cashu and Fedimint](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwMzNE1D3so) by @waxwing

2022-07-26 [Can Fedimints Help Scale Bitcoin to the World?](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/will-fedimints-bring-bitcoin-to-the-world) by Alex Gladstein

2022-03-12 [Fedimint - The Evolution of Bitcoin Custody](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/fediment-evolution-of-bitcoin-custody) by Obi Nwosu

[Nuts and Bolts (Cashu Explainer)](https://nuts-and-bolts.gandlaf.com/) by @gandlaf21

# Podcasts

2024-05-28 What Bitcoin Did EP818: [The Fight for Bitcoin with Ben Carman & Tony Giorgio](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fight-for-bitcoin-carman-and-giorgio)

2024-04-20 What Bitcoin Did EP802: [A CheatCode for Payments with Natalie Brunell, Ben Arc, Calle, & Obi Nwosu](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/a-cheatcode-for-payments)

2024-04-09 Citadel Dispatch EP124: [Mutiny Wallet with Tony, Ben, and Paul](https://serve.podhome.fm/episodepage/CitadelDispatch/cd124-mutiny-wallet-with-tony-ben-and-paul)

2024-03-18 Citadel Dispatch EP 120: [Bitcoin Powered Chaumian Ecash with Calle](https://serve.podhome.fm/episodepage/CitadelDispatch/cd120-bitcoin-powered-chaumian-ecash-with-calle)

2024-02-27 Stephan Livera Podcast EP 553: [The Future of Bitcoin Banking with Eric Yakes](https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/stephan-livera/episodes/The-Future-of-Bitcoin-Banking-with-Eric-Yakes-SLP553-e2gb7mo)

2024-02-19 Stephan Livera Podcast EP551: [What’s Next for Bitcoin and Mutiny Wallet with Ben Carman](https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/stephan-livera/episodes/Whats-Next-for-Bitcoin-and-Mutiny-Wallet-with-Ben-Carman-SLP551-e2fvrke)

2023-10-28 Bitcoin Takeover Podcast S14 E18: [Lisa Neigut & Calle on Scaling Bitcoin & Free Open Source Software](https://bitcoin-takeover.com/audio/?name=2023-10-28_s14_e18_lisa_neigut__calle_on_scaling_bitcoin_and_free_open_source_software.mp3)

2023-10-09 Bitcoin Audible: [FEATURING AI Unchained #008 - Ecash and Ai with Obi Nwosu](https://bitcoin-audible.castos.com/episodes/featuring-ai-unchained-008-ecash-and-ai-with-obi-nwosu)

2023-05-12 What Bitcoin Did EP657: [How Fedimint Scales Bitcoin with Obi Nwosu](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-fedimint-scales-bitcoin)

2023-05-12 TFTC EP 419: [Fedi Is Connecting Communities With Freedom Technology with Obi Nwosu](https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/419-Fedi-Is-Connecting-Communities-With-Freedom-Technology-with-Obi-Nwosu-e23t3oc)

2023-04-19 What Bitcoin Did EP647: [Scaling Bitcoin Privacy with Calle](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/scaling-bitcoin-privacy)

2023-03-01 What Bitcoin Did EP625: [The Future of Bitcoin Banking with Eric Yakes](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-future-of-bitcoin-banking-eric-yakes)

2023-01-28 Bitcoin Takeover Podcast S13 E1: [Eric Sirion & Obi Nwosu on Fedimint & Fedi](https://bitcoin-takeover.com/audio/?name=2023-01-28_s13_e1_eric_sirion_obi_nwosu_on_fedimint__fedi_final.mp3)

2022-09-08 What Bitcoin Did EP551: [Fedimint & the Future of Bitcoin Custody with Obi Nwosu](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/fedimint-the-future-of-bitcoin-custody)

2022-08-13: Bitcoin Magazine Podcast: [Bitcoin Fedimints Offer Privacy in Exchange for Trust and Custody](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/bitcoin-fedimints-trade-privacy-for-trust-and-custody)

2022-07-26 Bitcoin Audible Read 639: [How Fedimint Scales Bitcoin Custody (Namcios)](https://bitcoin-audible.castos.com/episodes/read-639-how-fedimint-scales-bitcoin-custody-namcios)

2022-07-25 TFTC EP 346: [Diving into FediMint with the Fedi team](https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/346-Diving-into-FediMint-with-the-Fedi-team-e1lihst)

2022-07-21 Once Bitten! EP267: [@obi - Introducing A New Way To Custody #Bitcoin!](https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/daniel-prince6/episodes/obi---Introducing-A-New-Way-To-Custody-Bitcoin--267-e1lgv1n)

2022-07-19: Bitcoin Fundamentals EP 87: [Bitcoin Fedimint - A Decentralized Custody Protocol w/ Obi Nwosu](https://www.theinvestorspodcast.com/bitcoin-fundamentals/bitcoin-fedimint-obi-nwosu/)

2021-12-16 Stephan Livera Podcast EP 331: [Eric Sirion - MiniMint, Federated Mints for Bitcoin scaling and privacy](https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/stephan-livera/episodes/SLP331-Eric-Sirion---MiniMint--Federated-Mints-for-Bitcoin-scaling-and-privacy-e1bq8n0)

2021-11-23 Citadel Dispatch EP 45: [The future of mobile lightning wallets with @ericsirion, @akumaigorodski, and @fiatjaf](https://anchor.fm/tales-from-the-crypt/episodes/CD45-the-future-of-mobile-lightning-wallets-with-ericsirion--akumaigorodski--and-fiatjaf-e1anmd0)

2020-01-20 What Bitcoin Did EP184: [Bitcoin's Pre-History and the Cypherpunks with Aaron van Wirdum](https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-beginners-guide-to-bitcoin-part-3-bitcoins-pre-history-and-the-cypherpunks-with-aaron-van-wirdum)

# Resource Pages

- [Awesome Cashu](https://github.com/cashubtc/awesome-cashu)
- [Fedimint Docs](https://fedimint.org/docs/intro)
- [Bitcoin Mints](https://bitcoinmints.com/)
- [Cashu Mints](https://cashumints.space/)

After that date, all sats left in the mint will go towards the ***nutstash*** development fund (except for

⚠ Important ⚠  Mint Shut Sown

ecash

`https://legend.lnbits.com/cashu/api/v1/4gr9Xcmz3XEkUNwiBiQGoC` Mint will shut down on March 20th 2024. Minting new ecash (swap-in/peg-in) has been disabled. Sending ecash and withdrawing will work until March 20th 2024. After that date, all sats left in the mint will go towards the nutstash development fund (except for claims of lost nuts that have been made).


**What you should do:**
1. check if you have ecash from the mint mentioned above
2. If yes, withdraw them to a lightning wallet, or swap them to another mint
3. Let others know by sharing this message.

***NutStash*** Wallet: Description: Provided insights into how a wallet works from a user's perspective. ... The ***NutStash*** wallet repository contains a plethora of files, many of which are related to the wallet's ... Related Repositories**:
  The ***NutStash*** wallet provided insights into the user experience, while the Cashu ... From the provided code, the ***NutStash*** wallet seems to offer functionalities for sending, receiving, melting ... Let's start by analyzing the content of these files to understand the initialization process of the ***NutStash***

Cashu-Auth: integrating cashu-ts into a WordPress Plugin: a genuine walkthrough

The integration of third-party libraries into WordPress plugins can be a daunting task, especially when the library is as intricate as [cashu-ts](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu-ts) a TypeScript library for building [Cashu](https://cashu.space) [wallets](https://cashu.me) we can leverage to begin our implementation. In this article, we'll delve into the meticulous process we undertook to seamlessly integrate the cashu-ts library into a WordPress plugin, sharing on the analysis and systematic approach we adopted. You can reach our if you feel you can contribute to improve this project.

---

## **1. Let's Talk Requirements!**

Before we get our hands dirty with code, it's all about understanding what we want to achieve. For our adventurous project, we aimed to jazz up the WordPress login scene. Imagine logging in or signing up to a WordPress site using a nifty token, all thanks to the cashu magic! The goal is then to allow users to log in or sign up to any WordPress website (that has this plugin installed) using a token generated by the cashu-ts library. The cherry on top? This token could either have a value in satoshi (yep, that's a [Bitcoin denomination](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Satoshi_(unit))) or not. Talk about flexibility! 

---

## **2. Getting Cozy with cashu-ts**

Ah, [cashu-ts](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu-ts)! The cashu-ts library is a robust tool, so understanding its intricacies was paramount, at least for me! We began by exploring its GitHub repository, which provided insights into its capabilities and functionalities. This step was crucial in determining how to best leverage the library for our WordPress plugin.

Analyzing the content of these files will identify the functions related to token generation and validation. Let's begin with `src/CashuWallet.ts` and `src/CashuMint.ts`, as they seem to be directly related to the cashu functionality.

### `src/CashuMint.ts`

The CashuMint class is initialized with a given secret key in its constructor. However, the exact source or method to generate or obtain this secret key isn't explicitly mentioned in the files analyzed. This file seems to define the `CashuMint` class, which likely represents the minting functionality of the cashu system. Here are the key functions and their purposes:

1. **`constructor`**: Initializes the mint with a given secret key.
2. **`blindSign`**: This function takes a blinded message and returns a blinded signature. This is likely the step where the mint signs a token without knowing its actual content.
3. **`unblindSignature`**: Given a blinded signature and a blinding factor, this function returns the actual signature. This step is probably used to reveal the signed token.
4. **`verify`**: Verifies if a given signature is valid for a given message using the mint's public key.

### `src/CashuWallet.ts`

The CashuWallet class is also initialized with a given secret key in its constructor. Again, the method to generate or obtain this secret key isn't detailed in the files reviewed. This file defines the `CashuWallet` class, which likely represents the user's wallet in the cashu system. Here are the key functions and their purposes:

1. **`constructor`**: Initializes the wallet with a given secret key.
2. **`blindMessage`**: This function takes a message and returns a blinded version of it along with a blinding factor. This is likely the step where the user blinds a token before sending it to the mint for signing.
3. **`unblindMessage`**: Given a blinded message and a blinding factor, this function returns the actual message. This might be used to reveal the original token.
4. **`sign`**: Signs a given message with the wallet's secret key.
5. **`verify`**: Verifies if a given signature is valid for a given message using the wallet's public key.

From the above analysis, it seems that the cashu system uses a blind signature scheme. In this scheme, a user sends a blinded message (token) to the mint, which then signs it without knowing its actual content. The user can later unblind the signed message to obtain a valid signature for the original token. More need to be answared:

**How are tokens generated?**
Tokens are likely generated by the user (wallet) and then blinded using the `blindMessage` function before sending them to the mint for signing.

**How are tokens validated?**
Tokens are validated using the `verify` function in both the `CashuMint` and `CashuWallet` classes. The mint can verify tokens using its public key, and the wallet can verify tokens using the mint's public key.

The two files, `src/CashuMint.ts` and `src/CashuWallet.ts`, provide a foundational understanding of how the cashu system operates, especially in terms of token generation, blinding, signing, and verification. They are indeed useful for our purpose.

However, to fully integrate the cashu-ts library into the WordPress plugin, we might need to understand a few more things:

1. **Initialization**: How are the `CashuMint` and `CashuWallet` instances typically initialized? Are there any default or recommended parameters?
2. **Token Flow**: While we understand the blind signature scheme, it would be helpful to know the typical flow of token generation, blinding, signing, unblinding, and verification in a real-world scenario.
3. **Error Handling**: How does the library handle errors? Are there specific error types or messages we should be aware of?
4. **Dependencies**: Are there any other classes or utilities in the library that these two classes depend on?

**Utility Functions:**

- **getEncodedToken**: This function encodes a v3 cashu token. It takes a token object as a parameter and returns an encoded string representation of the token.

- **getDecodedToken**: This function decodes cashu tokens into an object. It takes an encoded cashu token string and returns a cashu token object.

- **deriveKeysetId**: This function returns the keyset id of a set of keys. It takes a keys object as a parameter and returns a derived keyset id.

**Other Observations:
**
- The `utils.ts` file provides various utility functions that handle encoding and decoding of tokens, as well as deriving keyset ids.

- The `request.ts` file seems to handle HTTP requests, setting global request options, and error handling for responses.

- The `DHKE.ts` file provides functions related to Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, including hashing to a curve, blinding messages, unblinding signatures, and constructing proofs.

- The `BlindedMessage.ts` and `BlindedSignature.ts` files define classes for blinded messages and blinded signatures, respectively, with methods to serialize them.

While these insights give us a clearer picture of how the library functions, the exact initialization process (especially how the secret keys are generated or obtained) isn't clear from the files analyzed. We might need to look into any examples or test files in the repository, or any accompanying documentation, to get a complete understanding.

The [NutStash wallet](https://NutStash.app) repository contains a plethora of files, many of which are related to the wallet's functionality. To understand how a wallet is initialized from a user's perspective, I'll focus on the following files:

1. `src/comp/wallet/Wallet.svelte`: This file likely contains the main wallet component, which might have the initialization logic or user interface elements related to the wallet.
2. `src/actions/walletActions.ts`: The actions related to the wallet might provide insights into the initialization and other operations.
3. `src/comp/util/walletUtils.ts`: Utility functions related to the wallet might give us more details about the initialization process.
4. `src/stores/wallet.ts` (if it exists): This might contain the state management for the wallet, which can provide insights into how the wallet data is managed and initialized.

Let's start by analyzing the content of these files to understand the initialization process of the NutStash wallet. We easily notice that it provides a user interface and functionalities to manage tokens. Here's a breakdown of the wallet's operations from the provided files:

### `/wallet.svelte`
This file contains the main wallet component. Here's what happens from a user's perspective:

1. **Initialization**: When the component mounts, it checks if there's a mint URL in the search parameters. If found, it sets the active tab to 'mint'. If there's a hash in the URL, it sets the active state to 'receive' and extracts the encoded token from the hash.
2. **Checking Tokens**: If the settings allow for automatic checking of tokens (either pending or non-pending), it invokes the `checkTokens` function. This function iterates through all mints and checks if the tokens associated with the mint are spent or not. If a token is spent, it's removed from the wallet. If a pending token is no longer pending (i.e., it's received), it's updated accordingly.
3. **User Interface**: The component provides options for the user to send, receive, melt tokens, or scan a payment. The exact UI and interactions depend on the `active` state, which can be 'base', 'receive', 'send', 'melt', or 'scan'.

**walletActions.ts** contains actions related to the wallet. The main function here is `updateMintKeys`, which updates the keys of a mint. If the mint's keys have changed, this function updates them in the wallet and notifies the user about the new keyset ID.

**walletUtils.ts** utility file provides several helper functions related to the wallet:

1. **getTokensToSend**: Returns a subset of tokens to send based on the specified amount.
2. **validateMintKeys**: Validates the keys of a mint.
3. **getTokensForMint**: Returns a subset of all tokens that belong to the specified mint.
4. **isValidToken**: Validates a token (though the actual implementation is marked as TODO).
5. **getTokenSubset**: Removes a set of tokens from another set and returns the remaining tokens.
6. **getMintForToken**: Returns the mint associated with a specific token.
7. **getAmountForTokenSet**: Calculates the total amount for a set of tokens.
8. **getKeysetsOfTokens**: Returns the keysets of a set of tokens.
9. **removeDuplicatesFromArray**: Removes duplicates from an array.

From the provided code, the NutStash wallet seems to offer functionalities for sending, receiving, melting tokens, and scanning payments. The wallet interacts with mints, checks the status of tokens, and updates the wallet state accordingly.

---

### `/cashu`
The `cashu` repository contains a wide range of files, many of which are related to the core functionalities of the Cashu protocol, including the mint and wallet functionalities. To understand the initialization process and other operations, with focus on the following files:

1. **`cashu/mint/__main__.py`**:
   - This file contains the main entry point for the mint functionality. It imports and runs the `main` function from `cashu.mint.main`.

2. **`cashu/mint/app.py`**:
   - This file initializes the FastAPI application for the mint and includes the routers for the mint's API endpoints. It also sets up the database session for the mint.

3. **`cashu/mint/crud.py`**:
   - This file contains CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations for the mint. It defines functions to create a new mint, get a mint by its ID, and get all mints.

4. **`cashu/mint/ledger.py`**:
   - This file seems to handle ledger-related operations for the mint. It defines functions to add a new transaction to the ledger, get a transaction by its ID, and get all transactions.

5. **`cashu/mint/main.py`**:
   - This file contains the main logic for running the mint. It sets up the FastAPI application, initializes the database, and starts the application.

6. **`cashu/mint/router.py`**:
   - This file contains the routing logic for the mint's API endpoints. It defines endpoints for creating a new mint, getting a mint by its ID, getting all mints, adding a new transaction to the ledger, getting a transaction by its ID, and getting all transactions.

7. **`cashu/mint/startup.py`**:
   - This file contains startup or initialization logic for the mint. It sets up the database tables and initializes the database session.

From the above analysis, it's evident that the Cashu mint uses the FastAPI framework to set up its API endpoints and handle requests. The mint has CRUD operations to manage mints and transactions, and it uses a database to store this data.



---

## **3. Laying the Groundwork**

The foundation of any successful integration lies in its initial setup and planning.

- **Initialization**: 
  - Initializing the `CashuMint` and `CashuWallet` was our first step. Using the [cashu-ts library](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu-ts), we set up the instances like so:
    ```php
    $cashuMint = CashuMint::initialize(/* parameters */);
    $cashuWallet = CashuWallet::initializeForUser(/* user-specific parameters */);
    ```
  
- **Token Generation**: 
  - Leveraging the cashu-ts library, we crafted a function to generate tokens with zero sats for user authentication:
    ```php
    function generateCashuToken() {
        return $cashuWallet->createTokenWithZeroSats();
    }
    ```
  
- **Token Storage**: 
  - Using WordPress's built-in functions, we stored the generated token securely within the user's account:
    ```php
    function storeUserToken($userId, $token) {
        update_user_meta($userId, 'cashu_token', $token);
    }
    ```
  
- **User Interface**: 
  - We integrated a simple "Login with cashu" button into the WordPress login form, ensuring a seamless user experience:
    ```php
    function display_cashu_login_button() {
        include 'templates/login-button.php';
    }
    add_action('login_form', 'display_cashu_login_button');
    ```

---

### **4. Deep Dive into cashu-ts**

A profound understanding of the cashu-ts library was essential for a seamless integration.

- **Repository Exploration**: 
  - We meticulously explored the [cashu-ts GitHub repository](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu-ts) to understand its methods and functionalities.
  
- **Related Repositories**: 
  - The [NutStash wallet](https://github.com/gandlafbtc/nutstash-wallet) provided insights into the user experience, while the [Cashu mint repository](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu) helped us grasp the minting process.
  
- **Function Calls Integration**: 
  - With insights from the related repositories, we integrated actual function calls from the cashu-ts library:
    ```php
    $token = $cashuWallet->createToken(/* parameters from NutStash wallet */);
    ```

---

### **5. Iterative Development**

Our development process was iterative, ensuring optimal results at each phase.

- **Coding**: 
  - With a solid foundation and insights from cashu-ts, we embarked on the coding phase. For instance, to generate a token:
    ```php
    function generateCashuToken() {
        return $cashuWallet->createTokenWithZeroSats();
    }
    ```
  
- **Review**: 
  - We undertook a rigorous review process, analyzing the code for efficiency, security, and compatibility, especially with insights from the [Cashu mint repository](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu).
  
- **Refinement**: 
  - Feedback was incorporated to refine the code. For instance, ensuring token validity:
    ```php
    if ($cashuMint->isValidToken($token)) {
        // Proceed with authentication
    }
    ```

---

### **6. Community Feedback**

To ensure the plugin's success, we shared our progress here and other commuities aiming to receive as many invaluable feedback, and insights to further improve approach and implementation. Join [cashu R&D team on Telegram](https://t.me/CashuBTC)!

---

## **Conclusion**

This integration of the cashu-ts library into a plugin to enable users to access anonimously any WordPress site was until now a journey filled with meticulous analysis and experimentation and we are now seeking for invaluable community feedback and contributions. By focusing on understanding the library's intricacies and adopting a systematic approach, we were able to create the base for a simple project to exists and seemsly prove cashu protocol capabilities with real use cases. This is one of many more to come.

For developers looking to embark on similar integrations, our journey underscores the importance of thorough research, iterative development, and community collaboration.

---

## **References**

1. **[cashu-ts](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu-ts) Repository**: Description: The primary library we aimed to integrate into the WordPress plugin.

2. **[Cashu Mint](https://github.com/cashubtc/cashu) Repository**: Description: Helped us understand the minting process in detail.

3. **[NutStash](https://github.com/gandlafbtc/nutstash-wallet) Wallet**: Description: Provided insights into how a wallet works from a user's perspective. [Alpha.NutStash.app](https://Alpha.NutStash.app)

4. **[cashu Auth WordPress Plugin](https://github.com/SuperAtic/cashu-Auth-WordPress-Plugin) Repository**: The repository you provided for code review and analysis.

5. **[WordPress Plugin Handbook](https://developer.wordpress.org/plugins/)**: General reference for understanding WordPress plugin development standards and practices.

6. **[Satoshi Wiki](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Satoshi_(unit)) (Unit)**: A unit of Bitcoin used to describe smaller amounts, especially useful when discussing token values.

Original source on [BOLT🔩FUN](https://bolt.fun/story/cashu-auth-integrating-cashu-ts-into-a-wordpress-plugin-a-genuine-walkthrough--1031)

Jameson Lopp

He's taken quite a bit of shit. His company CasaHODL added ETH to their key management product, which unsurprisingly set bitcoin twitter alight. Then the company released a roadmap that included a focus on diversity in their workplace. The reaction was like a general election—it brought out the worst in people, from calls of censorship, to sexism and racism. 

I like Jameson Lopp. I find him articulate, has great posts and insights, and a vision of bitcoin that I relate to. I don't agree with everything, but we need more balanced minds like him. I could probably say the same about John Carvalho (@BitcoinErrorLog), whose vision is also worth a listen. Neither of these guys have any problem challenging the bitcoin community's status quo. Bitcoiner's really need to revisit their worldviews more often. It's a quality every great strategist has. That doesn't mean sound money fundamentals, it means all the other shit that will help it proliferate.

mallardshead

Zap.Cooking

food_and_drinks

Just seen on Nostr. A recipe site with Nostr integration (including the ability to zap recipes).

StillStackinAfterAllTheseYears

Nutsack.me v0.1

nostr

TheWildHustle

What is the most fiat food you can think of? 

bitcoin_rationalist

WasabiGPT

Moneysocket

02d10975a1

Kraft Singles

health

![IMG_6342.jpeg](https://m.stacker.news/17793)

Looks pretty healthy to me! The wife says otherwise. Tell me why I’m wrong. It’s just such a great deal at Costco.

jasonb

Share your cooking recipes based on nostr (for foodies among us)

NOSTR.COOKING: [https://nostr.cooking/recent](https://nostr.cooking/recent)

If you have great food that you want to share with the world, this is the perfect platform for you, with a sleek and user-friendly interface. See how nostriches from all over the world to come together and share their unique tastes.

You can ⚡️ZAP⚡️ recipes too. Also, it is compliant with Alby extension logins.



