Hi stackers ⚡️ long-time lurker, first-time poaster.
As the post title says, I am John Light. I do bitcoin research and product work full time.
My bitcoin research has included deep dives into bitcoin governance, scaling, privacy, and crosschain protocols.
Most recently I published a report about validity rollups on bitcoin: https://bitcoinrollups.org
I also publish shorter-form bitcoin research and opinions on my blog at https://lightco.in/author/lightcoin/ and Twitter https://twitter.com/lightcoin
I have also contributed to a number of different bitcoin projects/companies over the years, including Buttonwood SF, Bitseed, Blockstack, Abra, and Sovryn.
Happy to take any questions!
What teams are working on validity roll ups on Bitcoin? Any we should follow?
A Halo 2-based roll up would be really cool. I haven't seen any mention of this outside of your research.
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Federico Carrone has a team that is working on this: https://twitter.com/federicocarrone/status/1585304643344560128
Trey Del Bonis (who wrote this: https://tr3y.io/articles/crypto/bitcoin-zk-rollups.html) is involved as well.
I'm not aware of anyone else working on it, but I hope to see more join. There are several different ways to build rollups on bitcoin, would be great to see different approaches tried or at least fully researched so we have some hard data about what approach would work best technically and also be most politically feasible.
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how do you manage time spent in research vs time spent writing?
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For the validity rollups report, I was time-boxed, I had four months to produce the report. I already had a lot of background knowledge on the subject, so I wasn't starting from zero, which helped. The time was split about 2.5 months on research and 1.5 months on writing/editing. I had a rough idea ahead of time how much time I wanted to devote to writing/editing and made sure that my research schedule did not cut into that. That's usually how my process goes when I am time-boxed: have a deadline, estimate time needed for writing/editing, and the balance is time for research.
Generally speaking what I do is I research and think until I think I understand something well enough to write about it and then I write about it. Sometimes the writing takes several iterations as I work through my thoughts. During the research process I also do a lot of learning/thinking "in public", mainly on Twitter, which helps me refine my thoughts as other people give feedback or share more info.
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Hey John! I really enjoyed your report on validity rollups!
What are you working on now?
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thanks! I am still doing research on rollups and related protocols like validia chains. I also try to stay up to date with bitcoin privacy and crosschain research broadly speaking.
I am also a full-time Sovryn contributor, where my main focus is Zero: https://github.com/distributedcollective/zero but I help with a bunch of other projects in that ecosystem, too.
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420 sats \ 1 reply \ @kr 6 Jan 2023
what was the reception like to your bitcoin rollups research? were you at all surprised by the reaction of the bitcoin community?
as a follow up, are there any new learnings you have uncovered since the report was published that might be relevant to implementing rollups on bitcoin?
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what was the reception like to your bitcoin rollups research? were you at all surprised by the reaction of the bitcoin community?
so far the response has been mainly positive or neutral. a couple of negative comments but nothing substantial, stuff like "this will never happen, bitcoin doesn't change" (which is obviously wrong, since bitcoin changed to adopt taproot/schnorr just over a year ago). given that validity rollups align so well with bitcoin values like trust minimization, decentralized validation, open and permissionless access, etc, I was not really surprised by the overwhelmingly positive response.
as a follow up, are there any new learnings you have uncovered since the report was published that might be relevant to implementing rollups on bitcoin?
this wasn't a direct response to my report but ruben somsen has an interesting theory that if bitcoin full nodes switch to what I call "proof-sync" clients like zerosync then rollups would not be safe to use due to data unavailability concerns: https://twitter.com/SomsenRuben/status/1566709837395894272
I have some thoughts about this but I'm waiting for a longer-form exposition of this theory before I form a solid opinion and respond to it.
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What the most surprising thing you’ve learned about bitcoin?
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it's hard to pick "most surprising", so I'll mention a few things that stand out as having surprised me:
  • that bitcoin actually works, and has continued working, from genesis with one user to today with millions of users.
  • how much Satoshi got right when he launched bitcoin. in retrospect and compared to everything that came after, that is quite amazing.
  • how difficult it is to use bitcoin privately. simply generating a new address and using Tor (as Satoshi suggested) is far from sufficient. I'm convinced that adoption of some kind of zero-knowledge protocol like Zerocash is needed to give users both "dummy-proof" and "future-proof" privacy.
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What do you work on at Sovryn?
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My main focus is Zero: https://github.com/distributedcollective/zero but I help with a bunch of other projects in the ecosystem, too. like right now we are working on integrating Zero with Mynt, a bitcoin-backed stablecoin aggregator.
the actual work I do touches on a number of different skills/activities. mostly a mix of product and project management, testing, ui/ux writing, and documentation.
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who have you learned most from this last year? (both inside and outside the bitcoin ecosystem)
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this past year a lot of learning came from two efforts: research for my validity rollups report, and online resources I've used to learn more about product management.
in the case of the rollups report, I will defer to my acknowledgements: https://bitcoinrollups.org/#acknowledgements
it's hard to pick someone I learned the most from there. they are all sharp thinkers who have a lot of deep knowledge to share in their respective areas of expertise. I also learned a lot going through the work cited in the references section: https://bitcoinrollups.org/#references
in the case of product management, most of what I've learned has come from taking reforge classes. they create high-quality educational content relevant to a number of different professions, probably most relevant to people working at tech companies but maybe other industries too. I recommend anyone looking to level-up their skills to check out the courses and free content they have to offer: https://www.reforge.com/programs
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interesting, i hadn’t heard of reforge before
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What is the difference between a validity rollup and a sidechain that publishes a merkle root or hash to the parent chain?
Is the difference just that the consensus rules are contained entirely in the child chain without any parent chain enforcement?
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And as a secondary question, how does a validity rollup compare to mimblewimble?
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Validity rollups and Mimblewimble both enable "transaction cut-through", a technique where if A transfers X to B and B transfer X to C in the same block, block producers can collapse that down to "A transfers X to C" and get rid of B, which reduces the amount of data in the block. Other than that I'd say these protocols are quite different from each other and serve different purposes: validity rollup is a protocol for securely transferring assets between two different blockchains; Mimblewimble is a protocol for reducing the amount of information that is stored (and publicly legible) in a blockchain.
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The main difference is certainty over data availability, which ultimately boils down to certainty of ownership security (i.e. that if you own coins, no one else can move them without your private key and you can transfer the coins at-will as long as you pay a market-rate fee).
The merkle root is not enough for a holder of coins on the sidechain to unilterally produce a proof and withdraw their coins, they need data about the entire state of the sidechain to be able to prove that they own some coins in the current canonical state. And there's a problem that can occur called a "data withholding fault" where sidechain block producers create a block, commit the hash to the parent chain, but don't actually broadcast the block. Then users are stuck, because they don't have enough data to produce a proof that convinces parent chain full nodes they own some coins in the current canonical sidechain state. Maybe they have data to show that they owned coins in the past, but they could have spent the coins in the block that wasn't published -- it's uncertain without the proof, so parent chain full nodes won't let those users withdraw their coins back to the parent chain. And since the block producers aren't publishing those blocks, even if the user could get a transfer tx confirmed in a sidechain block, no one would know if the tx was confirmed since the block data isn't available. So then the sidechain coins are worthless. If this was actually an attack by sidechain block producers and not just a technical failure, at this point they can extort users ("we will give you the block data if you transfer us x% of your coins" or something like that).
Rollups solve the data availability problem by publishing rollup block data (or a compressed form of it that still has enough information to reconstruct the rollup state) inside of the parent chain blocks. This, combined with the use of validity proofs to ensure the correctness of rollup state transitions, makes the rollup ownership security equal to the parent chain ownership security, since the data availability guarantees are equivalent and coins cannot be transferred on the rollup without cryptographic proof of correctness.
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What did you have for breakfast?
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scrambled eggs, hash browns, and sausages with a dab of butter and bourbon maple syrup.
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Hi! Do you think you have distinctive traits that make your Bitcoin writing uniquely yours? Any trademark, so to speak?
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I am one of a small handful of people who has been writing about crosschain bitcoin protocols for about ten years, and it's a recurring theme in a lot of my work. Even today this topic is pretty niche so that is probably a distinctive trait.
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In your recent blog (you write well by the way - very clear thinking), you describe bitcoin's meta-problem
giving bitcoin developers the ability to easily solve ~any problem within the domain of electronic cash
You later reason
the meta-solution can’t impose heavy computational costs on bitcoin full nodes
due to this being a hurdle to consensus changes.
It seems like there's also resistance to meta-solutions that allow bitcoin to be used for non-cash purposes.
Do you think this resistance is valid?
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It seems like there's also resistance to meta-solutions that allow bitcoin to be used for non-cash purposes.
can you give an example?
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NFTs are one. Tokens are another.
It might be a mirage, but the mirage that I see in the community is
We don't want bitcoin the network being used for things other than manipulations of bitcoin the asset.
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Bitcoin can already be used for NFTs and other tokens (using protocols like Counterparty, Omni, OpenAssets, Taro, etc). So while I understand why people want to try to restrict use of the blockchain to be only for BTC ecash use cases I think it would be unfair to oppose some new protocol that enables doing a lot of useful new things with BTC and also happens to allow creating and transferring other digital assets. It might even be impossible to come up with a protocol that can be used with BTC but no other digital assets (or maybe it is possible, but the tradeoffs are too restrictive even for their liking; in any case, if it were possible, I would think that the BTC-only people would have proposed it by now).
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Hey John, your name could almost play a key role on PornHub videos. Jokes aside, is it a artist name, actually when you are doing research you probably shared or want to share your work with the community at some time. So if its an artist name, do you publish under John Light? Can I find arxive papers by you?
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Vou acompanhar , como iniciante preciso me interar e gostei do assunto.