Martians can mine BTC just fine, particularly when in a 3-minute orbital state. Earth currently has an advantage due to its existing hashrate deployment, but this isn't an inherent property of the protocol. When the chaintip is on Earth, Earth miners have a latency advantage. When the chaintip is on Mars, Martian miners have a latency advantage. It's a tug-o-war, and the planet with the highest hashrate will take ownership of the chain over the long run.
Martians can mine BTC just fine, particularly when in a 3-minute orbital state. Earth currently has an advantage due to its existing hashrate deployment, but this isn't an inherent property of the protocol. When the chaintip is on Earth, Earth miners have a latency advantage. When the chaintip is on Mars, Martian miners have a latency advantage. It's a tug-o-war, and the planet with the highest hashrate will take ownership of the chain over the long run.