Ever think about the beginning of the universe and what the universe was like before the big bang?
More than I think about the Roman Empire TBH.
Kinda partial to the ancient Mesopotamian beliefs:
"When on high the heaven had not been named, Firm ground below had not been called by name, There was nothing but primordial Apsu (male fresh water), their begetter, (And) Mummu Tiamat (female salt water), she who bore them all, Their waters commingling as a single body."
I can't help but imagine the watery sea serpent Tiamat wearing a Mumu - Kinda like Mrs. Roper.
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Three's Company reference?
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Chrissy might need to ask but Janet would know.
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I am not religious at all but I think about this a lot. If a bunch of particles slammed together and created the big bang, well, where did those particles come from? Nothing makes sense.
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The thing is that it doesn't have to make sense.
Specially for a primitive brain like ours.
We basically only "get" Newtonian physics (throwing rocks), but Einstein's relativity theory doesn't make sense to us, we simply have to follow the math and see that it is accurately describing what happens.
Nature is not intuitive to us, it doesn't make sense other than the things we evolved to make sense.
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Nothing. Makes sense.
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I'm far from clued-up on the matter, but I'm of the opinion that the big bang was born from a black hole. Which I discussed here on SN. Many credible astronomers believe something similar, but the question would then be whether that black hole came from THIS universe or another.
  1. The black hole could have gotten too dense, too heavy and too tightly compacted that it would explode and unwind.
  2. The other option is it was formed from a black hole in another universe, with energy passing through a wormhole.
Either way, we need more attention on this subject! For too long we have questioned the existence of the big bang, when to me it just seems obvious that human's current understanding & theories surrounding spacetime is incomplete. I would also like to see more people trying to break it down into layman's terms. This subject should be approachable to everyone with a curious mind.
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If I remember correctly, the idea of the Big Bang stems from the "groundbreaking" book A Brief history of Time by Stephen Hawking.
I don't think he intended for his very reasonable theory to lend credence to an origin or beginning of the universe, because that lends credence to the cosmological argument:
  1. Everything that begins to exists has a Cause.
  2. The universe began to exist.
  3. Therefore the Universe has a Cause.
A few years ago, I read an article in Discover magazine that reported on his more recent work, essentially, trying to refute his earlier work in A Brief History of Time. He was dabbling in theoretical work "at the outer limits of testability" if I recall the quote correctly.
That's a fancy way of saying he was now making stuff up.
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The big bang was actually first proposed by a priest and physicist, Georges Lemaître.
Stephen Hawking's work was mostly around black holes, and their radiation, now called Hawking's radiation.
His book tells the story of physics for the general public, but he didn't work directly in all that is there.
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I watched a random YouTube video today that claimed the universe is a simulation and the big bang was a fake genesis story.
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might be. who knows.
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  1. Quantum Fluctuations:
    • In the realm of quantum field theory, the concept of a vacuum is redefined. A vacuum state is subject to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which allows for the temporary creation of particle-antiparticle pairs, known as virtual particles.
    • The hypothesis posits that during the Planck epoch (the earliest period of the universe, at the Planck scale), a quantum fluctuation could have initiated the Big Bang. This fluctuation, within an inflationary framework, could have caused a rapid expansion, magnifying quantum irregularities into the large-scale structures observed in the universe today.
  2. No Time Before the Big Bang:
    • In the context of General Relativity, time is a dimension intertwined with the three spatial dimensions. The singularity at the Big Bang represents a breakdown of classical notions of spacetime.
    • Theoretical models like the Hartle-Hawking state propose that time, as a familiar concept, didn’t exist before the Big Bang but emerged along with the universe. In these models, the universe doesn't have a singular beginning but is described as a closed surface without boundary, analogous to the surface of a sphere.
  3. Multiverse Theories:
    • In inflationary cosmology, particularly eternal inflation, our universe could be one of many within an ever-inflating multiverse. Regions where inflation stops can lead to "bubble universes" with distinct physical properties.
    • String theory’s landscape suggests a vast number of possible vacuum states, each corresponding to different fundamental constants and laws of physics, potentially realizing the multiverse concept.
  4. Cyclic Models:
    • Modern cyclic models, like the ekpyrotic universe, propose a scenario where the Big Bang is the result of the collision of two three-dimensional worlds (branes) in a higher-dimensional space.
    • These models attempt to address issues like the homogeneity and flatness of the universe, and the generation of gravitational waves, without requiring a singular beginning.
  5. String Theory and Higher Dimensions:
    • String theory replaces point-like particles with one-dimensional "strings". These strings' vibrations correspond to different particles. The theory requires extra spatial dimensions for consistency: ten for superstrings and eleven for M-theory.
    • In brane cosmology, a subset of string theory, our universe could be a 3-brane embedded in a higher-dimensional bulk. Interactions within this bulk, such as brane collisions, could manifest as cosmological events in our 3-dimensional universe.
  6. Unknown Physics:
    • Concepts like loop quantum gravity aim to merge quantum mechanics and general relativity, potentially offering insights into the pre-Big Bang universe. This theory posits that spacetime itself is quantized, with implications for the structure of the universe at the Planck scale.
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Great job summarizing so many of the hypotheses and the formatting is so much nicer than I would have done.
I tend towards explanation 2. Time isn't what we conceive it as and the concept of "before the Big Bang" might just be incoherent.
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I think about it quite a lot. Also Loop Quantum Gravity Theory is interesting— the "Big Bounce".
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either god or a simulation.
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Nothing
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Time existed since the big bang so there's no concept of before the big bang.
Some people interpret this as time being in a loop, kinda like if you were to walk around the earth, you will end up at the same place at some point and start again.
We might be living in a multiverse, where this universe is just a tiny part of it, or there could be multiple universes running at the same time.
The truth is that we don't know yet, and maybe we will never know.
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Well what about the edge/end of the universe? This thing just expands forever? Used to give me nightmares to think about it, now I just feel small and unimportant in the very grand scheme of things
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IANA cosmologist, but here's my current view on it.
We perceive time as having a particular direction. This arrow of time is not dictated by any known physical laws. That is, if we look at all events and interactions in the Universe, exactly the same rules apply whether played forwards or in reverse order.
Any explanation of the arrow of time boils down to one of entropy. As time passes, the Universe gradually goes from a state of greater order (less entropy) to one of less order (greater entropy). Think of the Universe as moving gradually and somewhat randomly from each state to the next. There are exponentially more unordered states than ordered ones, thus from any somewhat ordered state, there is a much greater chance of moving to a less ordered one than to a more ordered one.
So we can try to imagine going backwards in time, with more and more order and less and less entropy the further back we go. Eventually we will reach a point where the universe is perfectly ordered, with minimal entropy. This would be the beginning of the Big Bang and the beginning of time itself.
Asking what would be before the beginning of time is a bit like asking what is north of the North Pole. You can keep going straight towards the North Pole, but at the point where you reach the North Pole, you cannot get further north. But you can keep going in the same direction you were heading. You will find yourself going straight south, although still going away from where you initially started.
Similarly, we can imagine going backwards in time, and then keep going as we reach the Big Bang. Suddenly we would find ourselves going forwards in time, but not going towards the point we started from. We'd be in a sort of mirror universe, with the mirror being the Big Bang.
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A little bang, then turtles all the way down
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The Big Bang didn’t happen
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Big if true
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You can ask God one day
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It wasnt a big bang. Its a slow and gradual expansion of the universe and its happening as we speak. Its so slow we dont notice it day to day.
The earth is growing in tandem with the universe. There was never a Pangea. It would not make sense to have all the landmass on one side due to the center of gravity shifting in that case and it does not make sense to just have landmass float around either.
Instead the earth was much smaller with practically no oceans, and all the landmass was able to cover the globe.
As the earth is growing the landmass is stretched thinner and thinner.
Eventually the earth may become a gas giant or something. Maybe even a sun. Who knows.
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I really like the theory that the universe is forever expanding and contracting and that one day, the expansion will once again stop and then reverse back into a collapsed state, and along the way, all the grabby aliens that have dominated their region of space will find themselves going from feeling alone in the universe to being neighbors, until they are right on top of each other and battling for existence in the collapse.
And maybe the goal is to figure out how to break out before being squished.
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