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Without looking it up, what's your educated guess? Best answer gets sats...
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Distance I guess why it's blue
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Kinda. Are you familiar with the concept of wavelengths?
Blue has a smaller wavelength than other colors that are present in sunlight, such as red for instance. The sky is full of particles and gases. Because of the small wavelength, the blue light gets scattered much more in all directions, and thus blue gets distributed all around in the sky, while the other colors just pass through without "staying stuck" in the sky. So wherever you look in the sky, it looks mostly blue.
To understand why shorter wavelengths get scattered more, think of water... big waves and small waves. The big wave has a long wavelength while small waves have a small wavelength. You can probably visualize that big waves are barely affected by small rocks while small waves are much more affected by small rocks. It is the same for the sunlight... it behaves like a wave where the particles in the sky are the rocks.
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As for the salty sea, as a first approximation, think of all the rocks that are present in rivers that feed the sea. Rocks are made of minerals. Some of these minerals are salts.
Yet, the river is not salty, you might think. That's true, because the amount of salt being eroded is limited. However, these rivers all end up into the sea. And thus, the salt accumulates there. When it's hot, the water from the sea can evaporate and feed the rivers again. However, the salt remains, and over time, more and more salt ended up in the sea, thus making them more salty than the rivers.
I hope this helps :)
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