Kraken

Here you have a list https://darth-coin.github.io/beginner/buy-bitcoin-en.html

I used to buy on Coinbase and they used to take like 0.5% if you're market maker on the "Pro" mode.

Also, if you're not buying with EUR, you might be getting a worse rate too. Consider swapping to EUR via e.g. Revolut and sending that via SEPA to Coinbase.

BTW, I don't think 1% is "heavy", it's pretty commonplace on CEXes and services like Strike or Relai. Expect to pay as much as 5% on p2p like Bisq or Robosats.

BTW2, if possible, never use a simple "convert" option on CEXes, they will always charge you a taker fee (or worse) - put up a buy order, if you can, be a maker.

I'm not 100% on the EU, but here in the U.S. Strike is in the top 5% of exchanges based on fees.

I think when exchanging via p2p myself, coinbase sometimes allowed me to get a 0.4% commission