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From perplexity:
Based on the search results, the most common ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic are:
  1. Moravians: They make up about 4.9% of the population (around 522,474 people)[2]. Moravians are considered a subgroup of Czechs but speak a distinct Moravian dialect[4].
  2. Slovaks: They comprise approximately 1.4% of the population (about 149,140 people)[2]. Slovaks are closely related to Czechs but speak a distinct language[4].
  3. Ukrainians: Less than 1% of the population (around 53,603 people)[2]. The 2021 census shows Ukrainians making up 1.1% of declared ethnicities[3].
  4. Poles: Less than 1% of the population (about 39,269 people)[2].
  5. Vietnamese: Less than 1% of the population (around 29,825 people)[2]. The 2021 census indicates Vietnamese make up 0.4% of declared ethnicities[3].
Other notable minorities include Germans, Russians, and Roma (Romani) people, though their exact numbers are smaller[1][2]. It's worth noting that a significant portion of the population (26% in the 2011 census) did not declare their ethnicity[2].
Sources [1] Demographics of the Czech Republic - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Czech_Republic [2] Ethnic Groups In The Czech Republic - WorldAtlas https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-the-czech-republic.html [3] Ethnicity | Census 2021 https://scitani.gov.cz/ethnicity [4] Czech Republic Ethnic Groups | Study.com https://study.com/academy/lesson/czech-republic-ethnic-groups.html [5] Czech Republic - Slavs, Bohemians, Moravians | Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Czech-Republic/People
Finland is a relatively ethnically homogeneous country, with the vast majority of the population being ethnic Finns. Here are the key points about Finland's racial and ethnic demographics:

Ethnic Composition

  • Approximately 90-93% of the population has a Finnish ethnic background[1][2][5].
  • The largest minority groups include:
    • Swedish-speaking Finns: 5-6% of the population
    • Russians: 1.4-1.7%
    • Estonians
    • Roma (Romani)
    • Sami (indigenous people of northern Finland)

Language as a Proxy for Ethnicity

Finland does not officially collect statistics on ethnicity, so language is often used as a proxy[4]:
  • Finnish speakers: 85.9-87.6%
  • Swedish speakers: 5.1-5.2%
  • Russian speakers: 1.4-1.7%
  • Other languages: 5.8-7.2%

Immigration and Diversity

  • The immigrant population has been growing in recent years, but remains relatively small compared to other European countries[4].
  • As of 2017, about 7% of Finland's population had a "foreign background" (both parents born abroad)[4].
  • The largest immigrant groups come from the former Soviet Union, Estonia, Iraq, Somalia, and former Yugoslavia[4].
While Finland remains predominantly ethnically Finnish, increasing immigration is slowly diversifying the country's demographic makeup, particularly in urban areas like Helsinki[1][4].
Sources [1] Demographics of Finland - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland [2] Finland - The World Factbook - CIA https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/finland/ [3] Finland Racial Demographics | Ethnic Groups, History & Population https://study.com/academy/lesson/finland-ethnic-groups.html [4] [PDF] Finland Demo Econ Data NCEE https://documents.ncsl.org/wwwncsl/Education/Study-Group/2.FinlandDemoEconDataNCEE.pdf [5] Finland Population and Demographics from Finland | - CountryReports https://www.countryreports.org/country/Finland/population.htm