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If we write down the floor values we see
S = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 + ... + 44
(note how, conveniently, \sqrt{2024} is just at the border between 44 and 45) or
S = \sum_{k=1}^{44}{k \times (2k + 1)}
or
S = 2 \times \sum_{k=1}^{44}{k^2} + \sum_{k=1}^{44}{k}
and then using the Sums of powers formula from the suggested page
S = 2 \times \frac{44^3}{3} + \frac{44^2}{2} + \frac{44}{6} + \frac{44*45}{2} = 59730
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