The AMOC acts as a planetary conveyor belt, bringing nutrients, oxygen and heat north from tropical waters while moving colder water south — a balancing act that keeps both sides of the Atlantic 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) warmer than it would otherwise be.
But research into Earth's climate history shows that the current has switched off in the past, and a growing number of studies have hinted that climate change is causing the AMOC to slow. Worst-case scenarios suggest the current may collapse.
If the current were to stop completely, it would sow chaos across the globe, causing temperatures to plummet across Europe, storms to proliferate at the equator, and other unforeseen effects to impact tipping points in the Amazon rainforest and other regions.
The researchers published their findings Nov. 18 in the journal Nature Geoscience.