SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has long promised to make humanity interplanetary by establishing a permanent outpost on Mars.
With the help of his space company's gigantic Starship rocket, the mercurial entrepreneur wants to ensure the "long-term survival of consciousness" by ferrying a million settlers to permanent residency on the Red Planet by 2050.
But his lofty plans for a highly risky space colony over 100 million miles away from home could be doomed from the start.
As biologist and author Kelly Weinersmith and her husband, cartoon artist Zach Weinersmith, detail in their painstakingly researched 2023 book "A City on Mars: Can We Settle Space, Should We Settle Space, and Have We Really Thought This Through?" the planet is a terrible choice for a settlement.