prevent it

And one of the options would be not spending it: https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/117606/can-simply-not-spending-the-dust-thwart-dusting-attacks Another one would be to not post your BTC addresses on public places (donations etc). Another option would be to use as much as you can LN and limit your onchain footprint exclusively to open/close channels, using also taproot channels or any other methods as decoys... see #909079

Do not do DCA for small amounts onchain. Go all in once and forget, then just transact over LN.

Use multiple wallets on multiple levels: https://darth-coin.github.io/beginner/be-your-own-bank-en.html