Something interesting about these little wasps going back and forth with a clay ball to build their nest is: how do they know the way back?
They make a reconnaissance flight, with their small brain, they memorize clues to know where their nest is.
Wasps rely on visual cues and memory to navigate. When they leave the nest, they perform a "reconnaissance" "voo to learn about their surroundings and find their way back. In some cases, they may also use chemical cues.
They memorize scene markers from multiple angles.
The wasps use this information to remember the features of the site and find the direction of the nest when they return. They can predict whether they need to go left or right to get to the nest.