The biggest challenge, IMHO, is to convince users that there are no free lunches and that the hard work put into their tools needs to be rewarded somehow or you end up being the product of a couple of monopolistic companies.
The switch is very hard, but some are trying to do it, Kagi in the search engine space comes to mind.
Also, with Nostr, let's not repeat the narrative mistakes that lightning did:
  • it's free or very cheap
  • look at me, streaming sats, like there is no consequences on the infrastructure...
Some lightning companies have learnt from this, and now you see the real price, required to support and innovate in the space, emerging (ACINQ and Phoenix seem to have understood that)
As Bitcoiners, we need to support producers with real value transfers. So, pay for your tools, pay for your networks, generate value to kickstart and maintain a new circular economy, if not we are just LARPing like the normies in the mainstream system we hate.
I could not agree more with this. We need to build an economy here. To do so we need buyers and sellers of value inside our economic system.
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pay for your tools
Yes.
What's the necessary skill-set to identify ways for open protocol businesses to make money?
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Same skill-set as for any business endeavor (for example, Protonmail's or Mullvad's businesses are based on an open protocol, they seem to be doing OK). At minimum, you need a vision, the right people, data to help you monitor your progress and manage your costs, while being ultra-focused on your target users and how the solutions you provide can generate cash flow for your business.
As @Natalia mentioned somewhere, it's all about small incremental experiments, and survival. It's not easy, stressful, but probably the best way to feel alive and contribute the changes you want to see in the world, without asking for permission.
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