Bitcoin will never need a hard fork, but if it will need one, it will be a security related one.
In a hard fork, old nodes will stop following the same chain as forked nodes (if there are miners among the old nodes, there will be a chain split). However, virtually any change can in one way or another be implemented as a soft fork, where old nodes and new nodes still follow the same chain (at least as long as the majority of hash power implements the fork).
Post-quantum signature schemes can be soft-forked in as a new script version, just like what was done for Taproot.
A sudden and complete break of the secp256k1 curve could arguably be a good opportunity for a hard fork, if only to force everyone to upgrade their nodes lest they risk revealing the keys to still-unspent P2PKH/P2WPKH coins through their thence insecure public keys. A fork could then require proof of an OTS-style timestamp (from several hundreds or thousands of blocks prior) of a commitment to spend such coins before allowing them to be spent.
I had forgotten about the timestamp overflow issue, but that would be the kind of hard fork Bitcoin would need if it would ever need one.
That kind of hard fork doesn't necessarily have the same problem that most other hard forks would have, though. At some point it would be completely impossible to progress on the old chain. If the fork activates at that point, there's no actual chain split, old nodes will simply be stuck on an old block.
In practice such a hard fork would be more similar to a forced soft fork.
Thinking about the timestamp overflow issue a bit further, it could have been implemented as a soft fork by exploiting Bitcoin's time warp bug. By my calculations this could extend the lifespan of the existing chain by some 240 thousand years.
However, after the activation of BIP113 in 2016, a time warp exploit is no longer a viable option as there's no way to do make timelocked transactions with a far-future timestamp spendable at the appropriate time.
But that part could be addressed with a forced soft fork at worst. So my point still stands ("tis but a scratch!"): Bitcoin will "never" need a hard fork.
Makes sense but I'd need more elaboration on that one...
Do you agree with me that we can see hard fork is simoly a change that introduces breaking changes vs soft fork which introduces a backward compatible changes to the PoW protocol?
Every fork just depreciates btc, doesnt it?
Essentially you are cloning the blockchain so it can implement a new protocol.
But if I were to do that, I think they should work on the security aspect.
The government keeps snooping its nose into business where it doesnt belong.
It's usually just the opposite because the network itself requires upgrading drastically from time to time depending on outside forces like Quantum commuting, AI, ML etc.
But if I were to do that, I think they should work on the security aspect.
Please register your vote as there's currently one entry and it's for privacy π
Depends on how you define "minimize" in your case because you either want/allow any government interaction of not - it can't be something in between...
If you want to completely block/ban government from interaction you need to implement it on a PoW level trying your best not to introduce a breaking changes (soft fork) but not postponing it if the situation requires the network to pay the price of agreeing to new consensus rules (a hard fork) which in my opinion classifies it as a security related instead of privacy
On the other hand, if you somehow think government somehow have to be involved in any sense (custody, audits, refunding lost funds, insurance etc) then we should basically allow a backdoor (what's btw the case with today's banking system) which then makes it more a privacy (identity and filtering) related
Not always and frequently are at odds. Defending against spam is security related, but it's not necessarily positive for privacy. Most traditional methods of spam prevention benefit from tracking and cleartext analysis.
Any future hard fork must be driven by extreme demand and urgency. If it's to address some theoretical problem that might happen sometime in the future it's just not going to happen.
Lightning network allows fast transfers and helps privacy, but the nodes are difficult to run due to the need to store the whole history of channel states (to publish a penalty if your peer cheats). The database size grows constantly and this limits how many transactions a node can route for the lifetime of a channel. There is also a need to have a watchtower - a third node to monitor a channel in case my node goes offline for a long time. All these complications can go away if a soft fork would allow eltoo. Not a hard fork even, but still unlikely to implement.